污染稅與經濟成長：累進稅或累退稅？

本文以Chen, et al. (2009)作為基礎，建立一個納入環境特質的單部門內生成長模型，並且參照Guo and Lansing (1998)的文章引進一個非線性的污染稅制度，藉此檢視在這個累進(累退)的污染稅制度之下，環境政策對於總體經濟可能產生的影響。在這樣的模型架構下，本研究發現，政府提高防治污染支出可以有效改善環境品質並刺激經濟成長。另外，在污染稅政策方面，當政府以比例稅融通政府支出時，若污染外部性夠大，政府提高污染稅率可以有效降低經濟體系內的污染存量並且能提振經濟成長；當政府以累進稅融通政府支出時，若污染外部性夠大，提高累進程度亦可以有效降低經濟體系內的污染存量並且能提振經濟成長。除此之外，我們也進一步去探討如何訂定出柏拉圖最適政策及其特質。

關鍵字

污染稅；經濟成長；累進稅；累退稅；污染外部性；防治污染支出

並列摘要

Under the framework of Chen, et al. (2009), this paper establishes an one-sector endogenous growth model with environmental characteristics and adds a nonlinear emission tax system to the model. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between environmental policy and economic growth. We find that an increase in public abatement expenditure will lead to a higher economic growth. Furthermore, if the environmental externality is big enough, a rise in emission tax and a more progressive tax schedule will stimulate steady-state economic growth rate. In addition, we also discuss the Pareto optimum environmental policy and illustrate its significance.

並列關鍵字

Emission Tax ； Economic Growth ； Progressive Tax ； Regressive Tax ； Environmental Externality ； Public Abatement

參考文獻

Chen, J. H., Lai, C. C., and Shieh, J. Y.(2003). “Anticipated Environmental Policy and Transitional Dynamics in an Endogenous Growth Model.” Environmental and Resource Economics, 25(2), 233-254.

陳智華、蕭文宗與謝智源(2003)，「內生化休閒勞動決策下污染與經濟成長的關

Baker, T. and Kohler, J.(1998). “Equity and Ecotax Reform in the EU: Achieving a 10 Percent Reduction in CO2 Emissions Using Excise Duties.” Fiscal Studies, 19(4), 375-402.

Ballard, C. L. and Medema, S. G.(1993). “The Marginal Efficiency Effects of Taxes and Subsidies in the Presence of Externalities: A Computational General Equilibrium Approach.” Journal of Public Economics, 52, 199-216.

Bovenberg, A. L. and de Mooij, R. A.(1997). “Environmental Tax Reform and Endogenous Growth.” Journal of Public Economics, 63(2), 207-237.

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污染稅與經濟成長：累進稅或累退稅？

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