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  • 學位論文

荀韓人性論及其禮法思想之研究

The study of human nature and the thought of XuZi’s etiquette and HanFei’s laws

指導教授 : 高柏園 連清吉

摘要


本論文的旨趣,乃因荀韓的師承關係,以及一為儒家人物,一為法家人物,在思想的傳承上有著很大的轉折,這對人性的存在價值,會產生不同的評價,從而對政治和社會的建構,也會有不同的看法。由孔孟發展而來的道德生命內在性涵養,而一路轉至荀子,就必須以禮義之道才能撐起外王事蹟和聖賢人格,期間的思考路線及其意義就顯示出很大的不同,及至韓非,在任法的籠罩下,又顯示出更大的差異和不同,可以說是完全脫離道德的思考範疇,只有一心要建立富國強兵的意圖,此對法的意義來說是有其真正的作用存在,但是,對於人性的價值就變調許多了。 從思想史的角度來看,荀子和韓非之間,存在著師承關係,因此,他們在思想上必然有一定的傳承,但是,荀子在政治上主張禮治,韓非則主張法治,一為儒,一為法,同為戰國末期學術思想界大家,皆影響後世政治傾向甚巨。然而,荀子未順著孟子性善論發展,反而提出「性惡論」的觀點,故主張應以「禮」來匡正,而成人倫之致,進而成就王道思想的禮義之統;韓非對於人性的主張,雖不直稱是性惡,但是,其亦認為人性是自利自為的,可以說是由其師荀子的性惡之論點轉化而來。為了君國的目的與國家的利益,人性的自私性必須被剝離,則其手段就須以法來教化、導正,甚至限制其發展,儒家的思想向來是和法家思想相衝突的,而荀子既與韓非有師徒的關係,且思想系統的建立又有架構上的差異,可說是相當有趣的事,如果能夠回到思想的原點上來探討,應該是值得研究的工作,因此,本論文的研究方向,希望探討由荀子、韓非的思想形成和兩者間的關係,進而結合兩者經驗論的思想,融合荀、韓思想而予以分析論述,從荀、韓的中心思想──禮與法,探究其成因及意義,與其如何構成荀、韓思想的體系,而由禮、法的歷史遞衍,求其關係及時代意義。將荀子的重要觀念,如:性惡、禮義和禮與法的關係,和韓非法的觀念加以探討分析,因此,重點是在於禮法的層面上,但是,要論及禮法的觀念,就必須先論述人性的本質為何,因為,包括社會和國家,都是由人所組成的,所以,由人性的說法著手,才有可能把握住禮法觀念的形成和實踐的可能性。 因此,本論文想以研究者的思考和古人的思想,做一個相互的溝通與呼應,希望能夠以現代人的想法,為先人的思想結晶做再一次的肯定,不管以往對荀、韓的思想做何評價,如此的研究入手,亦是一種對先人思想的尊重,希望能夠達到這樣的研究態度和對思想開放性的期許。

關鍵字

荀子 韓非 人性 性惡論 仁性自利 禮思想 法思想

並列摘要


Present paper idea, because Xun Han transits the discipling from the relations, as well as one is the Confucianist character, one is the legalist school character, has the very big transition in the thought inheritance, this to the human nature existence value, will have the different appraisal, thus to political and society's construction, also will have the different view. Moral life internality self-control which comes by the Confucius and Mencius development, but a group extension to Xun Zi, must be able to support outside the king fact and the saints and sages personality road of by the liyi, the period ponder route and the significance demonstrate the very big difference, until Han Fei, no matter what law covering, also demonstrates a bigger difference and different, May say that is separated from moral completely the ponder category, only then must establish enrich the country and strengthen its military power's intention wholeheartedly, this has its true function existence to the law significance, but, regarding human nature value on transposition many. Looking from the thinking history angle, between Xun Zi and Han Fei, exists transits the discipling from the relations, therefore, they have certain inheritance inevitably in the thought that but, Xun Zi advocates in politics rules by ritual, Han Fei advocates the government by law, one is a Confucian, one is a law, with for the Warring States last stage academic circle of thinkers everybody, all affects the later generation political orientation to be really great. Therefore, the present paper wants by researcher's ponder and ancient's thought that makes a mutual communication with to echo, hoped that can take modern people's idea, make the affirmation again as ancestors' thought crystallization, no matter formerly to Xun, Han's thought made what appraisal, the like this research obtains, is also one kind to the ancestors thought respect, hoped that can achieve such research manner and to thought open hoping.

參考文獻


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