苗栗市國小中高年級學童體型意識相關因素研究及其對節制飲食行為之影響

The study of body image and it's influence to dietary restraint behaviors of 10 to12 years old elementary school students in Miaoli City

彭文貞(Wen-Jen Peng)

指導教授 ： 翁玉青

中山醫學大學/健康管理學院/營養學研究所/碩士(2006年)

摘要

本研究主要目的在瞭解苗栗市國小中高年級學童的體型意識和節制飲食行為，探討其重要的影響因素及父母婚姻狀況、態度與行為對其產生的影響；並進一步研究學童體型意識狀況與節制飲食行為發生的關聯性。藉由不記名式自填問卷調查，問卷內容包括：受試者相關背景資料；父母影響量表；自填式青春期發展量表（PDS）；多向度身體和自我關係量表（MBSRQ-AS）；荷蘭飲食行為問卷（DEBQ）之節制飲食子量表。結果發現：不論何種體型，分別有26.8％的男童及29.1％的女童有減肥經驗；年級越低肥胖率越高，四、五、六年級分別為27.3％、22.0％、19.1％；年級越低有減重經驗比率也越高，四、五、六年級分別為33.0％、26.3％、24.3％；男女學童的體型意識在「外表取向」、「身體各部分滿意度」部分有顯著差異，「外表取向」中對外表高度重視的男生佔22.8％，女生則佔44.3％；「身體各部分滿意度」屬高度滿意的男女分別為30.5％與20.5％；青春期發展的不同在MBSRQ-AS之「外表評估」、「外表取向」、「對過重之關注」、「自覺體重分類」、「身體各部位滿意度」等五個子量表的平均得分上均出現顯著的差異，尤其是在「外表取向」及「對過重之關注」兩個子量表部分之重視（關注）度與青春期發展呈明顯正相關 相較於其他體型，實際體型「稍瘦」組對自己外表的滿意度及身體各部分滿意度最高；15.6％的男童及15.9％的女童屬「高度飲食節制者」；「實際體型」「期望體型與實際體型的差」「父母減重經驗」「學童減重經驗」為有效評估學童是否具節制飲食傾向的重要危險因子；父母減重經驗對學童有強烈的示範作用，若父母兩者都有減肥經驗，則孩童出現高度節制飲食的機會是父母兩者都無的2.59倍，但是父母婚姻狀態對學童的體型意識及節制飲食行為並沒有顯著的影響；在MBSRQ-AS中「外表評估」、「外表取向」、「對過重之關注」、「自覺體重分類」、「身體各部位滿意度」等五個子量表與節制飲食傾向均有相關；其中越重視外表、對體重關注度越高、自覺體重越重的學童其高度節制飲食行為（HR＋）之發生率也越高。建議體型意識教育必須從國小低年級的階段開始，並且使父母瞭解雙親對學童飲食行為影響的重要性，培養學童正面的體型意識。

關鍵字

國小中高年級學童 ； 體型意識 ； 節制飲食行為

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to investigate the body image and dietary restraint behaviors among 10-12 years old elementary school students. The correlates and predictors of body image, dietary restraint and the role of parental factors were studied. An anonymous questionnaire which contained the questions of demographics, desired body weight , dieting experience of students and their parents, Pubertal Development Scale, Children’s Perceptions of Parents Scale, Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire Appearance Scale, Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire were also used for data collections. Particants included 538 boys and 458 girls who completed questionnaires and the weights and heights were measured. There were 26.8％ of boys and 29.1％girls have intentional weight loss experience, but with the grade decreased the weight loss experience elevated. The gender effects were detected in appearance orientation and body areas satisfaction scale of MBSRQ-AS. The appearance orientation and overweight preoccupation were significantly related to pubertal maturity. Among all BMI categories, the students in ‘slightly underweight’ category had the greatest satisfactions in self appearance evaluation and body areas.There were 15.6％ of boys and 15.9％ of girls showed highly dietary restraint. Actual and desired BMI,and the dieting experience of students and their parents were strong risk factors for dietary restraint. The risk of dietary restraint was 2.59 times higher for the students whose parents both had dieting experience than none of them.The greater appearance orientation, overweight preoccupation and the higher percieved body weight related to higher levels of dietary restraint. We suggested the education on proper body image should start from lower grades of elementary school students and their parents should also be included.

並列關鍵字

body image ； dietary restraint ； elementary school students

參考文獻

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