兩岸城市採礦發展潛力分析之研究

A Study of the Potential of Urban Mine in Taiwan and China

陳韋佑(Wei-Yu Chen)

指導教授 ： 張添晉

國立臺北科技大學/工程學院/環境工程與管理研究所/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6841/NTUT.2012.00405

摘要

鑒於世界資源逐漸匱乏，先進國家紛紛將資源循環及永續發展視為國家重點發展政策，朝向資源循環永續利用的前瞻新思維。
然而，在自然資源有限的條件下，如何兼顧經濟、社會及環境三個面向成為重要課題，其根本要素之一便是經濟社會發展所需之自然資本使用速度不應超過自然資本的再生速度及供給限制量。因此，城市採礦的觀念便油然而生，城市採礦不僅能夠趨緩人類對於自然資源短缺的問題，其所能創造的綠色商機亦是無可限量。許多高科技產業如LED光電、面板、螢幕、半導體及3C數位產品元件等，皆需要特定的稀有資源如釔(Y)、銪(Eu)、銦(In)、鎵(Ga)、鉭(Ta)及釹(Nd)等作為其關鍵材料，面對中國稀有資源供給限縮政策下，未來恐將衝擊我國新興產業之發展，更加突顯城市採礦體系的重要性。
本研究採用文獻分析法並利用產品產值計算方式，以手機、數位相機、DVD播放器及電腦主機板為例，計算其城市採礦產值。其中前三項產品以日本環境省30% 回收率作為依據，電腦主機板回收率為46.91 %，四項產品之城市採礦產值為3.6億，此為將稀有金屬以產品角度所計算之產值，若將稀有金屬以原料角度計算其生產產品產值，數據將大幅提升。本研究並藉由臺灣經驗推估中國城市採礦產值，發現城市採礦產值與該年度GDP總額具相關性，誤差百分比約在5 %~ 25%，以此概念可推估廣東、江蘇及浙江為目前中國最具城市採礦發展潛力之地區。

關鍵字

城市採礦 ； 資源循環 ； 產值計算

並列摘要

In view of the fact that world resources are getting scarce, advanced countries have, in a row, places resource recycling and sustainable development as their focused development policy of their country, and are heading towards such forward-looking and novel way of thinking for recycling and sustainable utility of resources.
Nevertheless, it has become a rather critical issue as how the three aspects as economic, society, and environment can be harmonized under the context of limited natural resources, while the very fundamental factor would be that the speed of employment for natural resources needed for economic and social development should not exceed that of recycling speed and limited amount of supply with natural capital. As such, the concept of urban mine has then been brought forth, for it cannot only slow down the problem of shortage of natural resources with mankind, whereas the green business opportunity created can be unlimited. Many industries of high-tech such as LED optic-fiber, panel, display, semiconductor, and components of 3C digital products would be in need of certain specific rare resources as yttrium (Y), europium (Eu), indium (In), gallium (Ga), tantalum (Ta), and neodymium (Nd) for critical materials. In face of the fact with constraining policy of natural resources by China, it will, one way or other, impact on the development of newly emerging industries, and it has further illustrated the importance of urban mine system.
This study has made use of literature analysis and output value of product for calculation, and illustrated itself with the cellphone, digital camera, DVD player, and computer mainframe to calculate the output value of urban mine. Of the previous three items of products, the study has based on 30% recycle rate by the Ministry of Environment of Japan , and that of computer mainframe as 46.91%, so that the output value of the four products can have totaled 360 million, which is of the output value calculated from perspective of rare metal according to products. If such rare metal is calculated of their output value based on perspective of raw material, the figure would have increased largely. This study would exploit Taiwan experience to estimate the output value of urban mine for China, and it is found that the output value of urban mine is much related to the total of annual GDP, with value of marginal error around 5% to 25%. Based on such a concept, it is believed that province of Kwangton, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang would become the provinces given with development of greatest potential for urban mine in China.

並列關鍵字

Urban mine ； Resource recycling ； Output value calculation

參考文獻

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