尋找台灣客家的男性氣質 －以桃園縣為例

Look for the male makings of the Taiwanese Hakkas -The case of Taoyuan county as an example

楊文毅(Wen-Yi Yang)

指導教授 ： 陳芬苓

元智大學/資訊學院/資訊社會學研究所/碩士(2006年)

摘要

過去國內的客家研究很少關注在性別的議題上，更遑論以現代男性研究的觀點來審視客家性別的議題，本研究試圖將性別研究與客家研究的議題結合，以拓展相關研究的範疇，研究為解構台灣客家男性氣質的真實面貌，嘗試從主體及空間兩種不同的角度來分析客家性別的權力關係，透過權力的反思，提供客家男性更多元的思考方向，並且對於未來相關議題的研究提出若干具體的建議。
我們藉由尋找客家男性氣質的過程，針對客家性別的氣質、角色以及從傳統到現代的客家男性氣質變遷情形分別加以探討，透過閩南族群的角度來看這些文化與性別所產生的衝突與調適問題，並從性別主體與空間兩種主要不同的面向來進行分析，再輔以男性研究的觀點、Foucault權力理論以及文化心理學的相關論述來詮釋客家性別的權力關係。本項研究係以質性研究的方法，半結構式深入訪談的方式進行，以蒐集相關資料，訪談先後訪談桃園縣境內的9位客家女性、16位客家男性，以及3位閩南女性、3位閩南男性，受訪者多為地方文史、教育、社會等相關背景或對客家文化、性別議題有興趣者。
研究發現迄今一般人對於客家人的印象、客家男性、客家女性的氣質，都仍然有一些很鮮明的印象。客家女性的氣質還是較符合傳統女性理想與道德的形象，而客家男性的氣質表現的特質，則往往是承續著傳統男子氣概的觀念，這反應出社會上為維護父權式的社會秩序，所持續建構的性別意識形態。事實上，客家夥房是一種不斷複製的標準化空間模式，它忽略了居住者個別的需求與性別差異。客家男性的空間自主性高於客家女性，活躍於夥房的公領域範圍，而客家女性則以私領域空間為主要的活動範圍，而且不論在真實生活之中或教化的觀念上都受到較多的規範與限制。客家文化的特殊性及封閉性，深刻地影響客家性別的關係，我們認為許多傳統的客家性別觀念是有必要重新建構其價值定位與意義的。

關鍵字：客家研究、男性氣質、男性研究、Foucault、文化心理學、質性研究

關鍵字

客家研究；男性氣質；男性研究；Foucault；文化心理學；質性研究

並列摘要

The domestic Hakkas studies seldom pays close attention to the topic of the gender in the past, Huang's theory examines the topic of Hakkas' gender closely with the view that modern man study even more, this research attempts to study the gender with the Hakkas the topic studied is combined , in order to expand the category of relevant research, study in order to solve the true appearance which constructs Taiwanese Hakkas' male makings, try to analyse the power relation of Hakkas' gender from the subject and two kinds of different angles of space, through the introspection of power , offer to the Hakkas more plural thinking directions of man, and researching and proposing several concrete suggestions to relevant topic of future.
We are by looking for the course of Hakkas' male makings , probe into makings , role and Hakkas' male makings changes situation from tradition to modern times of Hakkas' gender separately, see the culture and conflict produced of gender and adjust the right problem through the angle of the south of Fujian Province ethnicity, and analyse from gender subject and two kinds of main different facing of space, power relation that annotate Hakkas' gender comes with the relevant argumentation with psychological view , Foucault's power theory and culture that man study to and then complement. This research department is with the quality method to study, the ways of deepenning interview of half a structural formula go on, in order to collect relevant materials , 9 Hakkas' women , 16 Hakkas' man within the territory of the interview priority interview peach garden county, and 3 the south of Fujian Province woman , 3 the south of Fujian Province man, interviewee or to persons who are interested in, culture of Hakkas and topic of gender for local literature and history , education , society relevant background more.
Discover so far that common people are to the guest family's impression , makings of the Hakkas' man , the Hakkas' women , still have some very distinct impressions. The makings of the Hakkas' women are to relatively accord with traditional ideals of women and ethical image, and the speciality that Hakkas' male makings display , often bear the idea of continuing traditional manhood, this reflects it in order to safeguard the civil order of the patriarchy type , sex ideology built and constructed continuously in the society. In fact, Hakkas' kitchen is a kind of standardized space way to duplicate constantly, it neglects occupant's specific demand and gender differences. Hakkas' male space independence is higher than the Hakkas' women , the active common domain range in the kitchen, the Hakkas' women regard private domain space as the main scopes of activities, and all receive more norms and restrictions no matter in true life or on the ideas that enlightens by education. Particularity and close of Hakkas' culture, influencing the relation of Hakkas' gender deeply, it is necessary that we think gender ideas of a lot of traditional Hakkases build and construct their value to make a reservation with the meaning again.

Key word：Hakkas' research , Male makings , Men's- studies , Foucault , Cultural Psychology , Quality research

參考文獻

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