紅外線熱影像儀在濃煙環境下 量測鋼材溫度之研究與探討

The Research and Exploration of Operating Thermal Imaging Camera to Measure the Surface Temperature of Steel Material in Smoky Environment

郭來盛(Lai-Sheng Kuo)

指導教授 ： 何三平

長榮大學/健康科學學院/職業安全與衛生學系(所)/碩士(2011年)

https://doi.org/10.6833/CJCU.2011.00089

摘要

摘要
當建築物火災時消防人員必須進入建築物中救援及滅火；建築物主要的鋼材結構在高溫時其強度變化影響建築物的支撐力，使建築物倒塌而危害到消防人員的生命安全。消防單位常使用紅外線熱影像儀於各型災害搶救，因此紅外線熱影像儀的應用與使用效能格外重要。紅外線熱影像儀量測鋼材溫度的差異性因素，除了紅外熱影像儀內建的放射率0.95與鋼材在各種溫度下的放射率不同之外，量測距離及透光率對其溫度量測亦有影響；故實驗設計將鋼材由常溫加熱至不同溫度323 K~873 K（50℃~600℃），在透光率為100％狀況下於0.9、1、2、4、5、10、20公尺處分別量測鋼材溫度。
實驗結果顯示在各種溫度下隨著量測距離的增加，紅外線熱影像儀所量測的溫度與鋼材實際溫度差隨之加大，原因為鋼板溫度的紅外線輻射隨著距離增加而減弱；另以實驗距離4公尺為例，加入濃煙在透光率為80％、60％、40％及20％情況下，隨著透光率的下降，紅外線熱影像儀量測的溫度與鋼板實際溫度差亦隨之增加，原因為紅外線輻射被煙層粒子阻擋而減弱；因此藉由實驗數據以線性迴歸方式得到紅外線熱影像儀量測鋼材溫度與實際溫度之多項式方程式，可提供給消防搶救人員參考，藉此評估鋼材實際溫度與其極限強度的相關性，評斷建築物倒塌風險與確保其安全。

關鍵字

紅外線熱影像儀 ； 放射率 ； 透光率

並列摘要

Abstract
When the building fire occurs, firefighters must enter the building to rescue and fight the fire. The strength of the steel will weaken at high temperatures in the building and cause the building to collapse and endanger the lives of firefighters. Firefighters often use thermal imaging camera(TIC) in various types of rescue, so the application of TIC is especially important for the use of the performance. TIC’s emissivity of 0.95 and a variety of different emissivity based on the distance and transmittance inside the smoke will effect the measured temperature, so the steel is designed to heat from room temperature to 50 ℃ ~ 600 ℃ at 0.9,1,2,4,5,10,20 meters distance between TIC and the target.
The TIC temperature varied much more from the actual temperature of the steel with increasing the distance between TIC and the target. When the transmission rate descended to 80%, 60%, 40% and 20%, The difference between TIC temperature and actual temperature of the steel will also increase due to infrared radiation blocked by the smoke particles. A polynomial equation from linear regression is obtained from measuring the TIC and the actual temperature of the steel temperature. This can be provided for the fire rescue personnel to assess the ultimate strength of steel and the buildings collapsed time to ensure their safety.

並列關鍵字

Thermal image camera ； Emissivity ； Transmittance

參考文獻

【1】 Francine Amon & Nelson Bryner & Anthony Hamins .“Thermal Imaging Research Needs for First Responders”,NIST Special Publication 1040. (2005)

【5】 Larry T. Rider, Standard Operating Guideline For Thermal Imaging Cameras, PP 7-8. (2001)

【7】 Robert Siegel & John Howell, Thermal Radiation Heat transfer, Appendix D, Radiative Properties. (2002)

【11】 BS EN 60529 ,”Degrees of Protection Provided By Enclosures (IP Code)”, British Standards Institution (1992).

【17】 Larry T. Rider, Standard Operating Guideline For Thermal Imaging Cameras, PP 8. (2001).