頻率及響度對人員聽覺警戒績效之影響

Effects of Frequency and Loudness on Alarm for Human Auditory Vigilant Performance

翁雨晨

指導教授 ： 黃雪玲

國立清華大學/工學院/工業工程與工程管理學系碩士在職專班/碩士(2011年)

摘要

聲音對於人類而言，仍然有很大的探索空間，本篇研究探討警示音在何種頻率及音量範圍內，可以提升人的記憶正確性及降低反應時間，以達人員快速反應及辨識的警示效果。本研究取樣一組常用的警示複合音，改變其音量及頻率(八度音階為一單位)，分別對人員進行聲音辨識之研究分析。本研究採用3 × 3的實驗設計方法，受測者共有33位，實驗自變數包含三個等差值的頻率及三種響度音量設定。其中頻率部分共區分成二組，一組設定其頻率之等差範圍為四單位，另一組則設定等差範圍為八單位，分別為：正常音(0八度音)、-4八度音及+4八度音及正常音(0八度音)、-8八度音及+8八度音二組；而三種音量的設定值為55、65及75分貝。應變數則為正確率及反應時間。實驗結果顯示，當音頻差距範圍較小時(第一組:0度音、-4度音及+4度音)，人員聲音辨識的正確率顯著地受到影響，其頻率(p-value=0.027)及音量(P-value=0.004)都有顯著的反應，但對於反應時間部分，則並不顯著。而音頻差距範圍較大時(第二組:0度音、-8度音及+8度音)，頻率對於正確率(p-value=0.004)及反應時間(p-value=0.02)，都有顯著地反應，但音量之於後二者則無顯著效應。本研究結果將可初步提供監控室設計人員於警示音設計及選擇，以利整體績效及辨識之提昇。

關鍵字

警示音 ； 八度音階 ； 正確率 ； 反應時間 ； 頻率 ； 響度

並列摘要

There was still much unknown in regard to human hearing. This study explored to the extent of alert tone which could enhance people’s memory accuracy and decrease the reaction time. The goal was to achieve rapid response and identification of the warning sounds. The experiment adopted a compound warning sound that varied in volume and frequencies (one octave as a unit) to investigate human auditory vigilance. In this study, a 3×3 experimental design was used. A total of 33 subjects participated in this experiment. The independent variables were frequency with three levels and loudness with three levels. The frequency factor was divided into two groups: a group of 4 unit octave (0, -4, +4 octave), another group of 8 unit octave (0, -8, +8 octave). The three volume settings were 55, 65, 75 dB. The dependent variables were accuracy and reaction time. The results showed that the correct recognition rate was significantly affected by 4 unit octave difference (p-value=0.27) and loudness (p-value=0.004). But the results were significantly affected by the reaction time. Another results showed that the correct recognition rate was significantly affected by 8 unit octave difference (p-value=0.004). The results also had significant effects on reaction time (p-value=0.02). But the results were significantly affected by the loudness. The results of this study may provide control room designer for select the alert tone of frequency and loudness for different warning signals to find out the best solution for users to facilitate identification for human vigilance hearing performance.

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