影響陸軍精神戰力之關鍵因素

國軍「教戰總則」明示：「惟精神戰力凌駕敵人，始可發揮有形戰力於極致。」自古以來「精神戰力」即是軍人信念、革命情感、戰鬥意志和英勇行為融合昇華的一種內聚力量，是構成戰鬥力的重要因素，更是無形戰力的展現。本研究主要目的為找出影響陸軍精神戰力之關鍵因素，並探討其相關要素的相互影響，找出如何有效提升陸軍精神戰力的方法，期能透過此研究提供陸軍改進現有培養精神戰力的教育及方式的重要參考依據。本研究主要針對影響陸軍精神戰力之關鍵因素探討。藉由文獻蒐集語彙整來建構雛形架構；運用德爾菲法收斂準則形成正式研究架構，其後運用以決策實驗室法為基礎之網路程序分析法（DANP），計算出個準則的權重。研究結果顯示，關鍵構面重要度排序為「戰場抗壓」、「軍人武德」、「軍人信念」及「政治作戰」，戰場抗壓與軍人武德為相互影響的構面。精進精神戰力可以由戰場抗壓與軍人武德兩個方面著手，因此優先改進此兩項關鍵構面後進而改進其他構面可以比較容易成功。關鍵準則重要度排序前8項為「團隊向心力」、「克服戰場恐懼」、「個人自信力」、「思想整備」、「勇」、「嚴」、「責任」及「榮譽」。再依據關鍵準則因果圖可知，準則之中以團隊向心力為最重要的準則，且與克服戰場恐懼為相互影響的準則，團隊向心力的提升會促使戰士能夠克服戰場上的恐懼。最後經過本研究分析可知，針對影響陸軍精神戰力的關鍵項目「戰場抗壓」及「團隊向心力」，若未能積極培養及訓練將可能造成陸軍精神戰力裹足不前甚至低落之現象，進而導致軍心渙散及作戰失敗，建議陸軍重新評估目前精神戰力培訓方式，以培養出「以國家興亡為己任，置個人死生於度外」的精實鋼鐵勁旅。

關鍵字

精神戰力；軍人武德；軍人信念；政治作戰；德爾菲法；以決策實驗室法為基礎的網路程序分析法

並列摘要

The National Army’s "General Principles of Educational Warfare" clearly stated: "Only when the mental combat power surpasses the enemy can we exert the tangible combat power to the extreme." Since ancient times, "spiritual combat power" has been a cohesive force derived from the fusion and sublimation of soldiers' beliefs, revolutionary emotions, fighting will, and bravery. It is an important factor in combat effectiveness, and it is also a manifestation of invisible combat effectiveness. The main purpose of this research is to find out the key factors that affect the army’s mental combat capabilities, and to explore the mutual influence of their related elements, to find out how to effectively improve the army’s mental combat capabilities, and hope that this research can provide the Army with improved mental combat capabilities. An important reference basis for the education and methods of education. This research focuses on the key factors that affect the army’s mental combat capabilities. The prototype structure is constructed through the vocabulary of literature collection; the Delphi method convergence criterion is used to form a formal research structure, and then the network process analysis method (DANP) based on the decision-making laboratory method is used to calculate the weight of the criterion. The research results show that the importance of the key aspects is ranked as "battlefield resistance", "soldier martial ethics", "soldier belief" and "political warfare." Battlefield resistance and military ethics are mutually influential aspects. Diligent spiritual combat power can be started from two aspects of battlefield resistance and military ethics. Therefore, it is easier to succeed in improving these two key aspects before improving other aspects. The top 8 key criteria in order of importance are "team centripetal force", "overcoming battlefield fear", "personal self-confidence", "thought preparation", "courage", "strictness", "responsibility" and "honor". According to the causality diagram of the key criteria, we can see that the team centripetal force is the most important criterion among the criteria, and overcoming the battlefield fear is the mutual influence criterion. The increase of the team centripetal force will promote the fighters to overcome the fear on the battlefield. Finally, through the analysis of this research, it can be seen that for the key items of "Battlefield Resistance" and "Team Centripetal Force" that affect the Army's mental combat capabilities, failure to actively cultivate and train may cause the Army's mental combat capabilities to stagnate or even decline, which will lead to military mentality. Dispersal and combat failures, it is recommended that the Army re-evaluate the current methods of mental combat training, in order to cultivate a solid steel force that "takes the rise and fall of the country as its own responsibility, and puts the death and life on the sidelines."