領導風格與工作士氣之研究：以海軍陸戰隊步兵營為例

在各先進國家陸續為提升戰鬥部隊人員素質，皆採取全募兵制，我國於2018年起，開始實施全募兵制，但在全面募兵實施後「兵源短缺」、「兵員素質下降」、「人權意識抬頭」等問題，間接造成了部隊管理及人員素質等諸多軍事案件發生，過去的打罵教育及不合理的磨練已漸漸走入歷史；在此情況，何種領導風格是較適用於現今軍隊？為研究欲探討之。本研究為探討在何種領導風格下會創造最高的工作士氣，而不同的個人背景（如階級、年資、年齡、連隊等）在領導風格、工作士氣中是否有顯著差異存在。本研究以問卷調查法，對海軍陸戰隊某旅某步兵營下轄人員進行普查，共發出244份問卷，回收問卷244份，有效問卷共244份，回收率達100%。依據資料類型分別進行t檢定、單因子變異數分析（One-Way ANOVA）與相關分析（Correlation Analysis）。本研究發現，各項個人變項對應於領導風格僅年紀項具有顯著差異，其平均值年長者高於年紀輕者，而對應於工作士氣時，年紀與連別具顯著差異，分別為對應於年紀時未滿20歲者顯著高於年紀較長者，對應於連別時步兵連(1)均顯著性高於其餘連隊，最後依研究發現分別給予陸戰隊步兵營領導幹部及後續研究者提出結論與建議。

關鍵字

領導風格；工作士氣

並列摘要

Developed countries around the world have been launching all-volunteer forces to improve the military capability of combat forces. Taiwan has adopted an all-volunteer force since 2018. However, some issues emerged after the implementation, such as the shortage of troops, the reduced troop quality, the increasing recognition of human rights, etc. These issues have caused many argumentative cases related to military management and quality of personnel in military forces. Training with beating and insulting and unreasonable training have been forced into the storage room of history. Which style of leadership is more suitable for modern military management? The aim of this study is to figure out and answer this question. This study examines which leadership style will motivate the best work morale, and whether there are significant differences in leadership style and work morale among different demographic variables (e.g., class, seniority, age, company , etc.). This study conducted an empirical survey thru distributing questionnaires. In this study, a total of 244 questionnaires were sent to the personnel under the command of an Infantry Battalion of R.O.C Marine Corps, and 244 valid questionnaires were returned with a 100% response rate . Depending on the type of data, t-test, one-way analysis of variance (One-Way ANOVA) and correlation analysis (Correlation Analysis) were performed respectively thru SPSS 20.0. In this study, the results indicated that there were significant differences observed between age groups in terms of leadership style, and the mean score of senior respondents was higher than younger ones. In terms of work morale, there were significant differences observed between age groups and company groups, the mean score of respondents younger than 20 was much higher than senior ones. Among company groups, the mean score of Infantry Company (1) was much higher than other groups, and there was asignificant difference between Infantry Company (1) and each other company group. Based on the findings, suggestions and conclusions have been concluded for providing to the leaders of the Infantry Battalion of R.O.C Marine Corps and future researchers respectively.