大專學生自我知覺的親子關係與人格特質對自殺意念的影響

The influence of self-perceived parent-child relationship of college students and their personality characters on suicidal ideas

吳美玲(Mei-Ling Wu)

指導教授 ： 張淑慧

中原大學/理學院/心理學研究所/碩士(2003年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200300735

摘要

摘 要
本研究的主要目的在了解大專學生自我知覺的親子關係、人格特質對自殺意念的影響。本研究也將探討有無自殺意念的大專學生在學制及性別變項上的差異，並且，為了避免憂鬱現象對研究結果造成干擾 ，因此在研究過程中特別將有無憂鬱現象進行個別處理，以減少因受試者本身的憂鬱現象而影響研究結果的可能性。
本研究以清雲技術學院日間大學部選修心理相關通識課程的學生為研究樣本，其中有效樣本共計266名。採用問卷調查的方法，以「貝克自殺意念量表」、「貝克憂鬱量表」、「巴氏衝動性量表」、「親子關係量表」及「個人性格量表」為研究工具，進行資料蒐集，並以電腦統計軟體SPSS進行資料分析。研究結果如下：
(1) 大學生的自殺意念沒有學制或性別上的差異存在。
(2) 在266個有效樣本中，有83.5%的大專學生最近一星期內曾出現過自殺意念，其中95%的人的自殺意念都是一閃而過；有6.3%的人過去曾經自殺，其中有14.3%的人表示上次企圖自殺時，想死的意願頗高，且有高達57.1%的人會隱瞞自殺的意圖。
(3) 將受試學生在憂鬱量表的得分，以10分作為區分點，將全體大專學生分成正常組與憂鬱組，比較兩組學生在自殺意念量表得分上的差異。結果發現，憂鬱組的大專學生的自殺意念顯著的高於正常組。
(4) 在親子關係與自殺意念方面，大專學生的自殺意念與整體親子關係及親子間的相互信任、情感交流、友誼性交往有負相關存在；沒有憂鬱現象的大專學生的自殺意念與整體親子關係有負相關，有憂鬱現象的大專學生的自殺意念與親子關係之間沒有任何相關存在。
(5) 在人格特質與自殺意念方面，全體大專學生的自殺意念與人格特質的依賴性與自主性有正相關，與衝動性有負相關；沒有憂鬱現象的大專學生的自殺意念與人格特質中的自主性有正相關，與衝動性有負相關；有憂鬱現象的大專學生的自殺意念與人格特質之間沒有任何相關存在。
(6) 在親子關係、人格特質與自殺意念方面，大專學生自殺意念的差異主要是受到親子關係不佳組的自殺意念顯著的高於親子關係良好組的自殺意念所造成的。此外，親子關係中的相互信任與人格特質中的自主性對自殺意念具有較佳的預測力。

關鍵字

人格特質 ； 自殺意念 ； 親子關係

並列摘要

Abstract

This research aims at the understanding of the self-perceived parent-child relationship and personality characteristics of college students and their impact on the suicidal idea. We also investigate the distinctions among educational systems and between different sexes for college students with or without the suicidal idea.
Moreover, we process the melancholic case separately to suppress the interference due to the melancholic phenomenon and diminish its influence on our research results.

In this research, the samples are taken from the day-school undergraduate students enrolled in psychology-related general courses at Ching-Yun Institute of Technology, wherein there are a total of 266 valid samples. We adopt the questionnaire survey method, and employ DSS、BDI-Ⅱ、BIS、PRS and PSI as the tools in our research.
By collecting data and conducting analysis with the SPSS statistics software, we obtain the following results:
1) For the suicidal idea of college students, no distinction exists for different educational systems or sexes.
2) For the overall 266 valid samples, the suicidal idea occurred in the past week to 83.5% of the college students, 95% of which lasted for a very short period of time. 6.3% of the overall samples had attempted suicide, among which 14.3% had high tendency to die in previous attempts, and a large portion (57.1%) tried to conceal their intentions to committing suicide.
3) Based on the scores in BDI-Ⅱ, we set the threshold at the score of 10, and classify the overall college students into two groups: normal and melancholic, to compare the differences in the scores of the suicidal idea scale DSS between both groups. The results indicate that college students in the melancholic group are much more likely to have suicidal ideas than those in the normal group.
4) In the aspect of parent-child relationship and suicidal ideas, the suicidal ideas of college students are negatively correlated with the overall parent-child relationship, and the associated mutual trust, emotional interaction, and friendly relationship. The suicidal ideas of melancholic (normal) college students are uncorrelated (negatively correlated) with the overall parent-child relationship.
5) In the aspect of personality characteristics and suicidal ideas, the suicidal ideas of college students are positively correlated with the dependency and autonomy of personality characteristics, but negatively correlated with the impetuosity. The suicidal ideas of college students without melancholic phenomena are positively correlated with the autonomy of personality characteristics, and negatively correlated with the impetuosity. The suicidal ideas and personality characteristics of college students with melancholic phenomena are uncorrelated.
6) In the aspect of parent-child relationship, personality characteristics, and suicidal ideas, the distinctions for the suicidal ideas of college students are mainly due to the prominently excessive suicidal ideas of the group having inferior parent-child relationship (compared to that having superior relationship). Moreover, the suicidal ideas are better predicted by the mutual trust in parent-child relationship and the autonomy of personality characteristics.

並列關鍵字

personality ； suicidal ideas ； parent-child relationship

參考文獻

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