公共樓梯設計之儀典性與景觀性表現趨向研究－從西方歷史樓梯設計模式之脈絡探討

A Research on Expression Trend of Rituality and Scenery of The Design of Public Stairs－Through the Approach of Development of Stair Design Patterns in Western History

林純萱(Chun-Shiuan Lin)

指導教授 ： 胡寶林

中原大學/設計學院/室內設計研究所/碩士(2005年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200500080

摘要

摘要
從古至今，樓梯的功能在人類的生活中扮演許多不同之角色和意義，建築物與其階梯透過時代背景和設計表徵來顯現人類所要表達之宗教性與政治性權威或居高臨下之景觀漫游形式之意象。西方文藝復興以來，宮殿或廣場樓梯之設計才有趨向於舞台展演多元的方向。在東方，則有中國私家園林的以遊園形式出現之「虹橋」、「九曲橋」、「爬山廊」或佛教佛塔與自然融合之景觀性階梯。
本論文透過建築史案例和相關文獻之研究，試圖探討歷史中樓梯案例之表徵和其所顯現的意識形態，針對樓梯之宗教、政治……等儀典性表徵或因地制宜之景觀性設計意象做分析。最後，歸納為兩種約略有脈絡可循之原型。其一本文歸為「儀典性」（rituality）之脈絡，即「觀星台」之原型。其特徵為：具天梯之筆直之意象，且不迂迴而行，並直通至高點或視覺焦點處，不但有一主要視覺焦點存在，更能使人能專注於焦點上，令儀式和典禮之發生，有神權與王權貴族無上權威之宣示。此種觀星台原型，發展為後來襲用得最多之神廟、祭祀場所、宮殿或王府貴族劇場、莊園……等，尤以文藝復興與巴洛克最多變化。即所謂「軸線式之朝聖梯」或「舞台式之權力炫燿樓梯」。此類型亦延續至現代之劇院、電影院、政府機關、豪華飯店與百貨商場……等，成為中產階級新貴喜愛模仿宮廷樓梯之模式。另一種脈絡為「景觀性」之意象，即希臘山崗聖城之景觀漫遊式階梯之原型。其特徵為：登山階梯或坡道採迂迴環繞之路徑與建物廣場相連結中介空間，強調空間流動、多向環視之效果；不專注於某一焦點上，採取多個視點和多個角度來呈現與建物之關係。此類型延續至近代建築史中本文歸為「散步建築」(promenade architecture)之概念和立體主義多視點空間之思潮。在民主社會中，此類型又較多應用於現代之博物館、美術館、藝術中心中、市民廣場、公園……等。
本文最後以圖表方式整理古代，中西方重要樓梯案例之年表，探討其動線、軸線與焦點之設計模式、表徵意義，以及證明樓梯設計之意識形態，越來越趨向「散步建築」之設計模式……等。

關鍵字

景觀性樓梯 ； 樓梯概念與脈絡 ； 儀典性樓梯

並列摘要

The stairs function has acted as the roles divers in significances of human life since time immemorial. Buildings and the stairs thereof demonstrate, through the era background, the human being intended to express the nominal conception of religious, political authority and bird-viewed roaming landscape. Starting from the western Renaissance, the staircase’s design for palaces or plazas has had a tendency towards multiple directions of the stage performance, and the eastern private-garden, towards landscaping stairs incorporated Buddhistic pagoda with Nature such as the garden “Rainbow Bridge”, “Nine-Winding Bridge” and “Mountaineering Corridor”.
This thesis is in an attempt to explore, through the study on the constructing history cases and the references concerned, the conception appeared at the ideology of historical stairs cases, aiming at the rituality of stairs’ religion and politics, or analyzing the concept of improvised landscape design; eventually, generalize the prototype that has a traceable context, the feature of which is the context of rituality, i.e. the prototype of “Star-Observing Platform”. Its characteristic is the straight, non-sinuate Sky Stairs led to the high point or a visual focus, the existence of which enables people to concentrate on the focal point, and has the ritual and ceremonial occurrence have more declarations of supreme power of theocracy and imperial nobles. The prototype of Star-Observing Platform has been inherited to be used in temples, sacrificing grounds, palaces, or imperial theaters, manors, etc. especially the Renaissance and Baroque varied the most. What so-called the “Axial pilgrimage Stairs” or “Garnish Stairs of Stage’s Power” has been lasted till now e.g. modern theater, luxurious hotel, and department store, etc. becoming the bourgeoisie favorite model to simulate the court Staircases. The other context is the landscaping concept, i.e. the landscape’s roaming Stairs prototype of the holy city in the Greek Mountain. The feature is adopting the sinuate path to use it in the mountaineering Stairs or gradient to connect with In-between space and the middle space of the plaza, emphasizing the effect of space flow and round view rather than concentrating on a certain focus. Take multiple view-points and angles to display the relation concerned with buildings. Continuing to the modern building history, such a type has been generalized in this thesis as the “Promenade Architecture”--- an ideological trend of multiple view-point space of the cubism. In the democratic society, such types are used in the museum, fine-art hall, art center, civilian plaza, and park, etc.
This article is, eventually, utilizing the chart to manage a chronicle of the ancient, eastern, and western significant Stairs cases, to explore its flowing axis and focal design patterns as well as the conceptual meaning, and to verify the designing patterns which is more and more toward the “Promenade Architecture”.

並列關鍵字

Staircase's conception ； Ritual stairs ； Staircase's context. ； Scenery stairs

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