核能電廠主控制室人機介面之適應型自動化對運轉人員之影響

核能電廠儀控系統轉變為數位化之過程中，將因自動化配置問題產生人因的新議題。適應型自動化(adaptive automation, AA)被推薦為動態系統中管理人員工作負荷及減少發生狀況外(out-of-the-loop, OOTL)績效問題的方法。本研究目的為驗證核能電廠數位儀控系統人機介面中，不同配置之適應型自動化對運轉人員情境知覺(situation awareness, SA)與心智負荷(mental workload, MW)與作業績效之影響。本研究徵募12位受試者，以「進步型核能電廠人機介面模擬平台」進行實驗，將模擬停爐作業之自動化配置為：「動作支援(LOA 2)」、「低比例自動化配置」、「中比例自動化配置」、「高比例自動化配置」及「監控作業(LOA 9)」。分別量測五種作業中受試者之情境知覺、工作負荷與作業績效。實驗結果發現自動化程度低的作業，人員停爐作業績效最差、工作負荷較高、發生較多人為失誤，卻能提升人員情境知覺；而自動化程度高的作業，雖可有效降低人員工作負荷及提升人員的次級作業績效，一旦發生作業異常，人員則需較長的時間方能處理完畢；而高比例自動化之作業則可同時提升人員主作業與次級作業績效、並有效降低工作負荷。期望本研究之結論將可提供未來核能電廠主控制室人機介面自動化設計的重要參考，以期更能接近「以人為中心的自動化」之目標。

關鍵字

適應型自動化；心智負荷；主控制室；人機介面；情境知覺

並列摘要

Some automation allocation problems are carried by digitizing the human-system interface in main control room. Adaptive automation (AA), which has been proposed as a method for managing human workload and reduced out-of-the-loop performance problems in a dynamic complex system, is one of approaches to human-centred automation. The purpose of this paper is to measure the effects of AA on situation awareness, workload, and performance in main control room of nuclear power plant. The simulated task combined reactor shutdown and alarm reset model. Twelve subjects performed simulation trials involving: (1) completely Manual control (LOA 2) trail; (2) low automation allocation; (3) medium automation allocation; (4) high automation allocation; and (5) completely Supervisory control (LOA 9) trail. Result revealed that high-level automation produced superior primary task performance and secondary task performance, and low-level automation facilitated higher level 1 SA. When a greater percentage of reactor shutdown task time was Supervisory (LOA 9), operator’s workload was reduced. In addition, as a result of high workload, operators produced the most probability of human error at completely Manual control (LOA 2) trail.

並列關鍵字

main control room ； mental workload ； human-system interface ； adaptive automation ； situation awareness

參考文獻

Byrne, E. A. & Parasuraman, R. (1996) Psychophysiology and adaptive automation, Biological Psychology, 42, 249-268.

Endsley, M. R. (1987). SAGAT: A methodology for the measurement of situation awareness (NOR DOC 87-83). Hawthome, CA: Northrop Corp.

Endsley, M. R. (1988). Situation awareness global assessment techinique (SAGAT). In proceeding of the National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON). New York: IEEE. 789-795.

Endsley, M. R. (1995a). Toward a theory of situation awareness in dynamic systems. Human Factors 37(1), 32-64.

Endsley, M. R. (1995b). Measurement of situation awareness in dynamic systems. Human factors, 37(1), 65-84.

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核能電廠主控制室人機介面之適應型自動化對運轉人員之影響

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