蝴蝶活動日周性及天氣因子對臺灣低海拔地區蝴蝶監測準則之影響研究

The Influence of Daily Rhythm and Weather Factors on Butterfly Monitoring Criteria in Subtropical Zone: A Case Study in Lowland Taiwan

顏振暉(Jhen-Huei Yan)

指導教授 ： 徐堉峰

國立臺灣師範大學/理學院/生命科學研究所/碩士(2012年)

摘要

標準化的蝴蝶穿越線調查法發展自溫帶地區，並且在區域性研究中發展出適合當地的準則。本研究的目的即為評估適用於臺灣低海拔地區理想的穿越線調查準則。主要著重在調查時段與天氣條件的準則建立，並對於調查時期進行討論。研究期間（2010年11月至2011年10月）採用密集調查頻率（每個月於兩週內選擇4天）於新北市五股區牛港稜登山步道進行調查，每日調查10至11次。共完成43日448筆調查時段紀錄、蝶類5科114種20056隻次。
統計分析結果顯示，各時段的繁盛指數（Tβ）、相似度指數（HI）和等級相關係數反應出9時至12時的各時段具有與整體蝴蝶群集組成相似度最高的特性，且這些時段標準化種數與隻次亦最高，是進行蝴蝶監測的理想時段。若無法於該段時間進行調查，仍可以選擇於8時至9時或12時至15時之間的任一時段完成調查，這些時段與整體蝴蝶群集也具有高相似度，且標準化種數與隻次亦高於標準化平均值。
多變量分析（DISTLM）之結果顯示，顯著影響標準化蝴蝶種數與隻次的天候因子依月分而異，主要為氣溫、太陽輻射強度及最大風速。利用迴歸方程式演算出理想的調查天氣條件為：晴天、多雲時，氣溫在18.9。C以上才適合調查；陰天時，氣溫在21.3。C以上才適合進行調查；風速低於蒲福風級5級風適合調查。除此之外，調查時期則建議於每年四月至十一月進行，而三月及十二月則可選擇符合上述準則之日期進行調查。
本研究為臺灣地區首度以統計分析不同調查時段、天氣因子與整體蝶類之相關性，並對於臺灣蝴蝶調查之合適調查時期、調查時段與天氣條件進行詳細討論，成果可作為制定亞熱帶及熱帶台灣地區蝴蝶監測的準則之參考。

關鍵字

蝴蝶監測 ； 穿越線調查法 ； 調查時段 ； 天氣條件

並列摘要

Standardized butterfly transect line method with accurate, repeatable, simple and cost-effective characteristics was developed in the temperate zone and modified at different regions. It possessed particular criteria of transect establishment, record seasons, record time, weather conditions and record method. The present study attempts to evaluate appropriate criteria of record time, weather conditions and record season for lowland Taiwan. The field works were carried out intensively by the frequency of four days per month from November 2010 to October 2011. Ten to eleven counts were conducted each day between 07:00 and 18:00 at Niugangling hiking trails, Wugu District, New Taipei City. Totally 448 counts in 43 days were performed and 114 butterfly species with 20056 individuals belonging to 5 families were recorded.
The results of statistic analysis showed that recording time between 9:00 and 12:00 with highest values of community prosperity index, harmonity index and Spearman’s coefficient of rank correlation were ideal to operate mornitoring practice. These record times were also with high values of standardized species and numbers. The study clncluded that transect counts should ideally be made between 9:00 and 12:00. Between 8:00 and 9:00 or 12:00 and 15:00 may also be adequate, because these recording times not only had high values of similarity with butterflies assemblages, but the values of standardized species and numbers were higher than standardized averages.
As to weather condition, distance-based linear models showed that temperature, sun radiation and wind speed were significant explanatory factors to standardized species and numbers of butterflies. According to regression models, the criteria of weather condition are suggested as followings: (1) transect counts should be carried out in sunny or cloudy days when the temperatures is higher than 18.9。C or (2) should be carried out in overcast days when temperatures is higher than 21.3。C. Besides, transect counts should be carried out when wind speed（Beaufort scale）are lower than 5th degree.
The present study recommends that recording season should start from April and finished in November. Recording in March or December was also allowed, provided the weather conditions were suitable and met criteria.
The present study the first study using statistical analyses to evaluate the correlation between time of day, weather factors and butterfly communities in Taiwan. The study also discussed in detail on the appropriate criteria for recording season, record time and weather conditions of butterfly transect line method in Taiwan. The results can be used to develop appropriate butterfly monitoring criteria in subtropical Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

butterfly monitoring ； transect line method ； record time ； weather condition

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