母親後設情緒理念、教養態度對青少年憂鬱傾向的影響：青少年情緒調節能力的角色

THE EFFECT OF MATERNAL META-EMOTION PHILOSOPHY AND PARENTING STYLE ON ADOLESCENT DEPRESSION—THE ROLE OF EMOTION REGULATION

邱雅沂(Chiu,Yai)

指導教授 ： 葉光輝 ； 王麗斐

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/教育心理與輔導學系/碩士(2005年)

摘要

本研究目的為探討青少年情緒調節能力在母親後設情緒理念、教養態度對青少年憂鬱影響之角色，並藉由此次調查來評估目前青少年的憂鬱狀況，以探討形成青少年憂鬱傾向的危險因子。

研究對象為台灣地區十五所公立高中職校一或二年級學生及其主要照顧者，共計有549對親子配對完整資料進行量表施測及分析。在研究工具部分，青少年樣本填答「情緒調整量表」、「雙親教養態度量表」以及「青少年憂鬱量表」，而其主要照顧者填答「父母後設情緒理念量表」。本研究以描述性統計、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子多變量變異數分析、雪費法事後比較、Pearson相關及結構方程模型為分析方法，對所收集的資料進行統計分析與結果討論。

研究結果顯示：

（一）具有憂鬱症狀且需要專業人員進一步評估之高憂鬱傾向的青少年188名，佔全體總樣本比例的16.2%，顯示超過一成六之青少年具有高憂鬱傾向。青少年的性別在其憂鬱傾向上沒有顯著差異影響。

（二）在青少年情緒調能力的五個因素（情緒效能、情緒表達、情緒反省、調整策略及覺察控制）方面，青少男的情緒效能與情緒反省因素上的得分比青少女好，其他三個因素（情緒表達、調整策略、覺察控制）則無性別效果上的差異。

（三）青少年情緒調節能力的中介效果，係存在於母親後設情緒理念的情緒教導型、摒除型及母親關愛與青少年憂鬱傾向之間，即當母親持有教導型的後設情緒理念時，越能表現出關愛的教養態度，這些正向的態度與行為有助於青少年情緒調節能力的生成，並進而防治憂鬱傾向的發生；但在母親持情緒摒除型的態度時則效果相反。再者，青少年情緒調節能力並沒有在母親教導型、摒除型的後設情緒理念、保護的教養態度與青少年憂鬱傾向之間扮演中介角色；若從路徑顯示結果來看，母親情緒教導型、摒除型理念會分別降低或有助於對青少年的過度保護教養態度，而當母親保護青少年的教養態度越高時，則越可能促發青少年的憂鬱傾向。

（四）母親後設情緒理念的不干涉型與母親教養方式、青少年情緒調節能力及憂鬱傾向間均無顯著關聯，然而母親的情緒失控則與青少年憂鬱傾向有直接的影響路徑關係。

最後，根據研究結果，本文對家長、學校及研究者提出相關的具體建議以供參考。

關鍵字

情緒調節能力 ； 青少年憂鬱 ； 父母教養態度 ； 父母後設情緒理念

並列摘要

The main purpose of this study was to explore the role of adolescent’s emotion regulation in the relationship between parental meta-emotion philosophy, parenting style, and adolescent depression.

The participants in this study were 549 mother-child dyads, in which children were students recruited from fifteen senior high or senior vocational schools in Taiwan. Adolescents filled out instruments including "Emotion Regulation Inventory", "Parental Bonding Inventory" and "Adolescent Depression Inventory", and mothers filled out "Parental Meta-emotion Philosophy Inventory". The collected data were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics, the Pearson correlation, t-test , one-way MANOVA, and structural equation modeling.

The major findings of the study were as the following:

1. There were 188(16.2%) adolescents likely to be highly depressive. No gender difference was found on adolescent depression..

2. There were significant differences on three aspects (emotional expression, emotional regulation strategies, and emotional awareness and control) of emotion regulation between male and female adolescents. On these aspects, the male adolescents are better than the females. However, gender did not have significant influence on the other two aspects (emotional reflection and emotional efficacy).

3. The results showed some mediating effects of adolescent’s emotion regulation on the relationship among maternal meta-emotion philosophy (emotion coaching and emotion dismissing), parenting style (maternal care), and adolescent depression. This means that mothers with higher emotion-coaching philosophy provided more care to children and then contributed to adolescent’s emotion regulation and in turn inhibited the possibility of adolescent depression; whereas mothers with higher emotion-dismissing showed less care and were more likely to diminish adolescent’s emotion regulation, which led their children to become more depressive. Even though adolescent’s emotion regulation didn’t play a mediating role in the relationship among maternal meta-emotion philosophy (emotion coaching and emotion dismissing), parenting style (maternal protect), and adolescent depression, there were some significant direct effect paths among maternal meta-emotion philosophy, maternal protect, and adolescent depression.

4. There were no significant paths from maternal emotion-noninvolvement philosophy to parenting styles, and adolescent depression. Nevertheless, mothers with higher emotion-dysfunction contributed to adolescent depression directly.

Based on these findings and conclusions, some suggestions for the emotion education practice, school counseling, and future research were proposed.

並列關鍵字

emotion regulation ； adolescent depression ； parenting style ； parental meta-emotion philosophy

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