- 學位論文
無患子皂苷萃取之研究
Studies on the extraction of saponin from sapindus pericarp
摘要
無患子為無患子科的無患子屬，是種落葉喬木，其果皮中富含皂苷，為天然的界面活性劑，除具有良好的起泡及去污性能，並具有抗菌和止癢等生理功效。近代化工合成清潔劑問世後，無患子因在使用上不便，以及當時技術無法製造保存，便乏人問津。無患子皂苷及其他成份的功效均還處在定性研究階段，系統地闡述無患子皂苷萃取技術及開發利用正逐漸發展。利用超音波技術可加速無患子有效成分的浸出，可提高總皂苷的產率，同時具省時與節能等優點， 超音波作用於液體時強大的拉應力把液體“撕開”成一空洞，稱為空化。空洞內為液體蒸氣或溶於液體的另一種氣體，甚至可能是真空。因空化作用形成的小氣泡會隨周圍介質的振動而不斷運動、長大或突然破滅。破滅時周圍液體突然衝入氣泡而產生高溫、高壓，同時產生激波。故利用此特性可以改善反應條件、加快反應速度和提高產率。 本研究之主要目的是採用超音波萃取法從無患子果皮中萃取無患子皂苷，並探討不同萃取劑、萃取劑濃度、溫度、反應時間、超音波功率等變數對皂苷產率的影響，並比較傳統水提法與超音波萃取法對無患子皂苷萃取之差異。 可歸納出以下重要成果： 1.增加反應溫度可以提升萃取效率，使無患子皂苷產率提升，然溫度過高時導致萃取劑揮發，反而使產率下降。 2.相較於傳統水熱萃取法，超音波之空化作用可有效提升皂苷產率，縮短反應所需時間。 3.利用大孔樹脂可將有效成分萃取分離，不僅產品純度高，品質穩定，且與傳統方法比較操作容易、節省溶劑。
並列摘要
Sapindaceae for the child is not suffering from a deciduous tree, its fruit is rich in saponins, is a natural surfactant, in addition to a good foaming and cleansing properties, and has anti-bacterial, anti-itching and other physiological effects. Modern chemical industry after the advent of synthetic detergents, because of the inconvenience in the use and manufacture of technology can not save time, facilitate popular. Sapindus saponins and other components of the effectiveness of qualitative research are still in the stage, the systematic exposition of sapindus saponin extraction and development are increasingly using the development. Using ultrasound technology can accelerate sapindus leaching of active ingredients and increase the yield of total saponins, while saving time and energy. Ultrasound effects on the tensile stress in the liquid when the liquid powerful tear into a hole, known as cavitation. Voids within the liquid liquid vapor or dissolved in another gas, or even a vacuum. Due to the formation of cavitation bubbles with a small vibration of the surrounding medium in constant motion, growing up, or suddenly burst. Suddenly burst into the bubble and the liquid around the high temperature, high pressure, and generating shock waves. So take advantage of this feature can improve the reaction conditions to speed up response time and increase productivity. Ultrasonic extraction sapindus saponins from sub-peel extracts, and explore the different extractant, extractant concentration, temperature, reaction time, ultrasonic power and other variables on saponin yield. Compare the differences of traditional water extraction and ultrasonic extraction method. As shown in results, the significant conclusions are summarized as below: 1.Increase the reaction temperature can enhance the extraction efficiency, so that the yield of sapindus saponins increase, then the temperature is too high result in extraction of volatile agent, but the production rate. 2.Compared with conventional hot water extraction methods, the ultrasonic cavitation effects of saponins can effectively improve the yield and shorten reaction time. 3.Macroporous resin extract active ingredients can be isolated, not only products of high purity, stable quality, and comparisons with traditional methods easily, saving the solvent.