超音波橢圓振動切削數控程式開發

Development of Numerical Control Program for Ultrasonic Elliptical Vibration Cutting

陳韋勳(Wei-Syun Chen)

指導教授 ： 佘振華

國立虎尾科技大學/工程學院/機械與電腦輔助工程系碩士班/碩士(2016年)

摘要

超精密加工技術發展至今已有多年歷史，初期是以鑽石砂輪為切削刀具，後期才開始使用鑽石刀具進行切削，雖然鑽石刀具本身具有高硬度、摩擦係數小以及耐磨損等優點，但是切削鐵系材料時刀具會有嚴重的磨損問題。為了克服此問題，國外廠商便發展出一套超音波橢圓振動切削模組，主要用來解決切削鐵系材料的磨耗問題以及達到超精密加工為目的。由於超音波橢圓振動切削模組之刀具具有指向性，切削時只能以單一方向進行，且切削過程中主軸或床台旋轉僅是改變切削位置，但目前市面上的CAM軟體並無法規劃出此模組之加工路徑，因此發展出超音波橢圓振動切削數控程式轉換介面有其必要性。
本論文以兩種工件外型做為範例進行切削，分別為半球體以及橢圓體。先利用電腦輔助製造軟體Unigraphics針對範例工件進行加工路徑規劃，路徑之切削方向須符合刀具的振動切削方向。接著運用UG所提供之接觸點資料，加上刀具路徑檔本身所提供之刀軸向量以及刀尖點等資料進行運算，並利用C++Builder 6開發程式轉換介面。此介面可將UG所產生的刀具路徑檔匯入，轉換為超音波橢圓振動切削數控程式。
最後本文利用商用實體模擬切削軟體VERICUT進行路徑驗證，並透過CNC五軸加工機進行實際切削，驗證所發展的超音波橢圓振動切削數控程式演算法之正確性。

關鍵字

超音波切削 ； 超精密加工 ； 橢圓振動切削 ； 轉換介面

並列摘要

The ultra-precision manufacturing technique has been developed for several years. Initially, diamond grinding wheel was used as the cutting tool. Later, diamond tool was used instead, even though it had the disadvantage of serious wearing to the ferrous material cutting, despite of its hardness, low coefficient of friction, and abrasion resistance. To overcome the problem, the foreign manufacturer developed the ultrasonic elliptical vibration machining tool set with the primary objective of solving the issue of wearing for ferrous material cutting to achieve ultra-precision machining. Because the ultrasonic elliptical vibration machining tool was directional, it could only proceed the cutting in single direction and the rotation of the spindle or table was used to change the cutting position. And, the current CAM software could not generate the numerical control program for the tool set. Therefore, it would be necessary to develop a software conversion interface for the ultrasonic elliptical vibration machining tool.
The research would use two component models as example for machining, which included a hemisphere and a ellipsoid. The computer software Unigraphics would first be used to set up the path for processing cutting tool, in match with the direction of vibration. Then, by the provided information of contact points by the UG software, plus the tool axis orientation and position for calculation. A conversion interface was developed bt the C++Builder 6 developer software. The interface could import the tool path file generated by the UG software and convert it into a numerical control program for ultrasonic elliptical vibration machining tool.
In the end, the solid machining simulation software, VERICUT, was used to verify the path, while the cutting was actually performed with the 5-axis CNC machining tool to check the accuracy of calculation by the developed numerical control program for the ultrasonic elliptical vibration machining tool.

並列關鍵字

Ultrasonic cutting ； Ultra-precision machining ； Elliptical vibration cutting ； Conversion interface

參考文獻

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