歐盟與我國食品管理法制之比較研究

A Comparative Study of Legal Systems in Food Management between the EU and Taiwan.

楊岱欣(Tai-hsin Yang)

指導教授 ： 張桐銳

國立中央大學/客家學院/法律與政府研究所/碩士(2014年)

摘要

食品是人類賴以生存的重要基礎，食品的安全與否不僅涉及人類的身體健康和生命安全，也影響了國家及社會的穩定與發展。隨著經濟全球化和食品工業的進步，國際上的食品貿易迅速發展，也同時為人類帶來了更多食品安全的風險，因此，與食品貿易及食品安全相關的風險管理措施，逐漸受到世界各國政府的重視。近年來食品安全相關問題層出不窮，從狂牛病、三聚氰胺毒奶粉事件等，食品安全管理已受到各國政府及社會大眾的高度重視。是故，建立食品安全管理體系、確實執行食品的安全管理已成為世界各國所需面對之重大議題。
美國國家研究委員會(NRC)首先於1983年提出一套風險分析的架構，包含「風險評估」、「風險管理」及「風險溝通」三個步驟，後來為歐盟所採用，可視為一種在食品安全管理方法上的國際標準。歐盟乃採取風險分析作為食品安全的管理方法，並援引嚴謹的「預防原則」作為指導方針。至於我國食品法規，無論是由食品之抽樣檢驗方法、標準、驗證程序，食品原物料來源管理、食品衛生作業設施規範、食品之保存標示運送陳列、食品風險管理系統等規定，皆應重新審視，以符合食品安全之保護要旨；而針對我國食品法制中，欲採取較高標準之事項，亦應尋求科學證據之支持，以保障國民健康。參酌歐盟食品安全管理法制上之健全體系，可檢視我國在食品衛生管理制度上不足之處，供作我國食品衛生管理法制上之借鏡。

關鍵字

食品安全 ； 風險分析 ； 預防原則 ； 歐盟

並列摘要

Food is the basic element that human depends on for survival. Food safety not only concerns the safety of human health and lives, it also affects social and national stability and development. With the globalization of economy and improvements of the food industry, international food trade is rapidly developing. However, these developments also bring more risk to people in terms of food safety. Hence, governments around the world are placing significant importance on relevant risk management measures for food trade and food safety. In recent years, problems associated with food safety emerged. From mad cow disease to melamine milk scandal, food safety management has caused a great deal of concern by the government and the community. Therefore, the establishment of food safety management system and the implementation of food safety management have become the majority, and inevitable issues that the world is facing.
The American National Research Council (NRC) first recommended a set of risk analysis infrastructure in 1983. The risk analysis system involved three steps, namely “risk assessment”, “risk management” and “risk communication”. These steps were eventually adapted by the EU, and can be seen as an international standard for food safety management systems. The EU has adopted risk analysis systems as a means of managing food safety, and adopted a stricter “precautionary principle” as the guidelines. The Taiwanese food regulations, including methods, standards, and examination procedures of food examination, management of raw material sources, regulation on food sanitary facilities, storage, marking, transportation, displaying of food, and the risk management system of food, should be revised, to fit the goal of food safety. And if the Taiwanese legal system wishes to take a higher standard on some items, scientific proofs should be provided to ensure health of citizens are protected. In view of the EU's legal systems of food safety management, our legal management system of food hygiene and safety need to identify the shortcomings of the related regulation in the country, in order to propose more adjustments to our
act governing food safety.

並列關鍵字

Food safety ； Risk analysis ； Precautionary principle ； EU

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