貿易報復是WTO爭端解決機制賦予控訴國勝訴時最後的救濟手段。但是,由於開發中國家與已開發國家經濟實力不對等的情況,開發中國家往往無法有效利用貿易報復手段,「交叉報復」因此成為開發中國家達成目的之手段。交叉報復主要規範於DSU第22.3條,以帄行報復為原則,交叉報復為例外,授權實施交叉報復之控訴國可以「跨部門」或「跨協定」實施報復,惟由於較缺乏可預測性,對於受報復國之影響也較大。 本文概述了WTO争端解決機制中的交叉報復制度,主要介绍了交叉報復的基本概念和授權交叉報復程序,並結合目前實施交叉報復之三案分析了在WTO的具體實踐上授權交叉報復的可行性與合理性,對交叉報復的效力進行評析。
Trade Retaliation is the last resort given to prevailing parties under the WTO dispute settlement mechanism. Nevertheless, due to the asymmetry of economic power between developing countries and developed countries, the former could not make use of the last resort effectively. Therefore, developing Members are trying to take cross-retaliation as a means to induce compliance by developed Members.The requirements of cross-retaliation are provided in the Article 22.3 of DSU. According to the DSU, a member should first seek to suspend concessions in the same sector under the same agreement, then seek to suspend within the same agrrement and finally seek to suspend inder another agreement. This paper demonstrates an overview of WTO cross-retaliation. It mainly discusses the basic features and authorizing procedures of cross-retaliation, explains the feasibility and rationality of cross-retaliation in the light of three WTO dispute cases, and makes an objective assessment on the effectiveness of cross-retaliation.