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  • 學位論文

印度流亡藏人之離散與認同政治─以達蘭薩拉為例

Diaspora and Identity Politics of the Exiled Tibetan in India - A Case Study of Dharamsala

指導教授 : 蔡育岱
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摘要


本文的研究問題為:印度流亡藏人的自我認同及此認同的形塑如何影響認同政治的發展。首先筆者將整理目前學界對離散與認同政治理論之相關論述,其次針對流亡西藏的歷史脈絡與現況進行討論,再以筆者於達蘭薩拉的訪談與田野工作為基礎,呈現出藏人離散的生活樣貌,並嘗試分析流亡藏人的認同及其參與政治行動之關聯。「離散」為一個群體因故被迫離開故鄉而長期生活於異地,但對故鄉仍保有集體記憶與獨特的認同感,並渴望能夠返回故鄉。「認同政治」的核心圍繞在「我是誰?」此一命題,個人或群體為了求取認同,往往會將目標的追求付諸於政治活動中,因此,認同政治即為了達成身份認同而參與政治行動。鑲嵌於印度社會中的藏人離散社群,個人的成長背景與生活經驗殊異,相較於出生於西藏境外的流亡藏人後代,自西藏逃至印度的流亡藏人在自我定位時較不易產生混淆,整體而言,流亡藏人在離散經驗中以區隔我他建立起身為藏人的自我認同,並以此認同做為參與政治活動的基礎,對自我認同的強化則為參與政治活動的產物。

關鍵字

離散 認同 認同政治 流亡藏人 西藏難民

並列摘要


This paper focuses on analyzing the self-identity of the Tibetans in exile and how do their self-identities influence the development of identity politics. The paper starts with a review of the relevant literatures about the theories of diaspora and identity politics. Next, the paper provides the historical context and the current situation of Tibet in exile. Finally, based on my experience of the field research and interviews with a number of Tibetans in Dharamsala, the paper presents the daily life of Tibetan diaspora and analyzes the connection between the self-identity of the Tibetan in exile and their participation of political activities. “Diaspora” means a group of people forced to leave their home for certain reasons and lead their lives in different places over a long period of time. But they long to return home and keep the collective memory and unique identity toward their home. The question “who am I?” is the core of “Identity politics.” Individuals or groups often pursue a goal of achieving self-identity by taking part in political activities. There are some clear-cut differences regarding each personal background and life experience in the community of Tibet diaspora which are embedded in Indian society. In contrast with Tibetans who were born outside Tibet, it's easier for Tibetans who escaped to India from Tibet in terms of defining their own identity. In general, Tibetans in exile establish self-identity by differentiating others from themselves in diaspora. And they have a hand in political activities on the basis of self-identity. Besides, getting involved in political activities is also a way to strengthen self-identity.

並列關鍵字

diaspora identity identity politics Tibetan Tibetan refugee

參考文獻


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