苗栗縣通霄鎮石虎(Prionailurus bengalensis chinensis)之移除模式及衝突探討

Removal patterns and conflicts of leopard cats (Prionailurus bengalensis chinensis) at Tongsiao Miaoli, Taiwan

高嘉孜(Chia-Tzu Kao)

指導教授 ： 黃美秀博士 ； 陳維立博士

國立屏東科技大學/農學院/野生動物保育研究所/碩士(2013年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2013.00010

摘要

石虎(Prionailurus bengalensis chinensis)是普遍分布於亞洲的小型貓科動物之一，曾經廣泛分布於臺灣全島海拔低於1,500公尺以下山區，但目前族群數量驟降且狀況不明，為瀕臨絕種保育類野生動物。淺山地區的散村居民多保有飼養家禽之習慣，石虎因其食性與覓食行為似乎與共域居民產生潛在的衝突，造成居民財產損失，當地居民多視其為害獸，造成石虎的存續威脅。本研究利用半結構式深度訪談法與參與觀察法，針對苗栗縣通霄鎮與石虎有相關接觸經驗之當地居民進行調查。旨在釐清通霄鎮當地居民與石虎之衝突類型與狀況、居民對石虎進行移除工作之動機和所採用之方法和工具，以及當地居民對於石虎與其保育之態度與支持度。訪談47位受訪者之研究結果顯示，當地狩獵石虎動機以危害防治為首，依次為獲得成就感、喜食野味、遊憩娛樂、飼養或紀念、功效傳說與經濟誘因。危害防治的方法及工具以陷阱狩獵為首位，其次為施放毒餌、犬獵與槍弓狩獵。主動式狩獵之方式以犬獵為最主要的狩獵方法，陷阱狩獵第二，再者是槍弓狩獵。就近十年的石虎捕獲量來看，儘管平均一年捕獲量為5.5隻，然而危害防治的石虎移除量皆為主動式狩獵量的兩倍以上。當地狩獵活動頻繁，儘管僅有少數獵人將石虎視為目
標物種，但是主動式狩獵的石虎捕獲量卻相當可觀。且不論是為危害防治或主動式狩獵所捕獲之石虎，大多被當地居民所食用。儘管超過半數的受訪者對石虎並不感到反感，但卻沒有受訪者表示贊成石虎保育，而且這些不討厭石虎的受訪者有高達87%認為一旦石虎造成危害，移除法仍是最主要的因應方式，可見當地人普遍對石虎存有負面態度與偏見。因此，本研究建議除積極取締非法狩獵活動之外，尚應成立危害防治小組，協助當地居民處理與防範石虎造成之危害，減緩人虎衝突。同時應該積極推廣石虎保育相關課程，增加當地居民對石虎之認知和容忍度，方能達到最有效之石虎保育。

關鍵字

石虎 ； 瀕危 ； 保育 ； 衝突 ； 深度訪談法 ； 危害防治 ； 狩獵

並列摘要

The leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis chinensis) is one of the widely distributed small felids in Asia. It used to be widespread under the elevation of 1,500 meters and listed as “endangered species” in Taiwan. The population of leopard cats in Taiwan is dramatically declining and the current status is unclear. Most people who live in rural regions in the mountain areas at low elevations raise poultry at Tongsiao township in Miaoli county. Local residents view leopard cats as pests and try to remove them because of the predation of poultry from leopard cats. The removal is believed to become one of the threats of leopard cats. The in-depth interview and participant observation were used to explore the local residents who had the experience of suffering the damage caused by leopard cats or hunting leopard cats. The objectives of this research were: to define the conflicts types and status between local residents and leopard cats; to understand the motivations of killing or capturing leopard cats, and the tools the residents used; and to understand the attitude of local residents towards leopard cats and their
conservation. The result of interviewing 47 respondents suggested that the main motivation for removing leopard cats of local residents was damage control. Other motivations were pursuing achievement, bushmeat consuming, entertainment, raising as pets or collection, legends, and gray income. The main tools for damage control was snare traps, and other methods were poison, hounds hunting and gun shooting. On the other hand, hounds hunting, snare traps and gun shooting were used in active hunting. The average amount of leopard cats which captured for the last 10 years was 5.5, it was over twice the amount of leopard cats for damage control than active hunting. Hunting is common at Tongsiao township. Although few hunters took leopard cats as targets, the amount of leopard cats caught since active hunting was huge. Furthermore, most of the captured leopard cats were eaten. Although less than the half of respondents hated leopard cats, no one approved the conservation of leopard cats. 87% respondents did not hate leopard cats but declared that they would remove the leopard cats due to any damages caused by leopard cats. Lots local residents viewed leopard cats as nuisances. This study suggested that government should crack down on illegal hunting positively, establish a group that help local residents handle and prevent the damage caused by leopard cats, and develop a set of lessons to enlighten people about the importance and ecological function of leopard cats to increase peoples’ tolerance to leopards cats and improve the conservation of leopard cats.

並列關鍵字

leopard cats ； endangered ； conservation ； conflicts ； in-depth interview ； damage control ； hunting

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