通學方式及坐式生活型態對國小學童健康體適能之影響

The Analysis of Commutation and Sedentary-lifestyle on Health-related Physical Fitness among Elementary Schoolchildren

潘美香(Mei-Hiang Pan)

指導教授 ： 徐錦興

國立屏東科技大學/人文暨社會科學院/休閒運動保健系所/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2010.00248

摘要

本研究主要目的在探討國小學童之通學方式與坐式生活型態對健康體適能的影響，並期透過研究結果可提供其他地區學校未來健康體適能促進之參考。研究以九十八學年度屏東縣三所國小之五、六年級男女學童為受試對象，共計取樣600人，有效樣本合計 501 名（男生246人，女生255人），回收問卷有效率為84％；平均年齡為 11.91 ± 0.72 歲，身高為 148.54 ± 8.43 公分、體重為44.52 ± 12.64 公斤。研究工具採自編調查問卷，以學童之通學方式、觀看電視與操作電腦時間代表坐式生活型態為主要控制變項，同時實施健康體適能檢測。將所得資料以量化的方式進行統計分析，採獨立樣本t考驗及單因子變異數分析等統計方法檢定各項研究假設。研究結果如下：在性別差異方面，女學童之柔軟度明顯優於男學童；男學童之身體質量指數及瞬發力則明顯優於女學童。在年級方面，六年級學童之身體質量指數顯著高於五年級學童；五年級學童之柔軟度顯著優於六年級學童。非坐式生活型態之學童，其身體質量指數、肌力、肌耐力、柔軟度、心肺耐力等各項健康體適能表現較坐式生活型態之學童為佳，且在身體質量指數及心肺耐力方面達顯著水準。以步行及騎乘自行車為通學方式之學童，其柔軟度、肌力、肌耐力及心肺耐力等方面表現較他人載送方式通學之學童為佳，但兩組間未達顯著差異。研究結果顯示，坐式生活型態是國小學童健康體適能表現的顯著因子之一。研究者並建議，鼓勵學童增加身體活動量以改變坐式生活型態，藉以達成健康體適能提升的目標，是學校未來推動健康促進策略的重要方向。

關鍵字

走路上學 ； 坐式生活型態 ； 健康體適能

並列摘要

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influences of commuting modes and sedentary-lifestyle on physical fitness in elementary schoolchildren. The study may provide information to other schools in promoting/modifying schoolchildren， life style. Subjects of this study were composed of fifth and sixth graders among three elementary schools in Pingtung County. Self-designed questionnaire was conducted to investigate children’s commuting modes and their TV-viewing hours. 600 questionnaires were distributed to subjects in the beginning of this study and 501 questionnaires were collected in 2009. The effective response rate was 84％. The average of subjects’ age, height and weight were 11.91±0.72 yr, 148.54±8.43 cm, 44.52±12.64 kg, respectively. Physical fitness test was administered to evaluate subjects’ health-related physical fitness, which included body mass index, muscular endurance, flexibility, and cardio fitness. Descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA were performed for data analysis. Results demonstrated that there were several significant differences between girls and boys regarding health-related physical fitness; girls were more flexible than boys, in terms of Body Mass Index (BMI) and muscular strength, boys have better performance than girls. In respect of grade, the fifth grade students were more flexible than the sixth graders. Overall, subjects toward non-sedentary-lifestyle were better than those who toward sedentary-lifestyle on health-related physical fitness, which included BMI and cardiorespiratory endurance. Additionally, schoolchildren reported their communication mode as walking/riding might have better physical fitness than others. However, there were no significant differences between two groups. Many children watch a great deal of television and are inadequately vigorously active. Results of this study indicated that TV/computer viewing affected health-related physical fitness among schoolchildren. Encouraging children participate in physical activities to decrease sedentary hours might be the most important strategies for enhancing schoolchildren’s overall physical fitness.

並列關鍵字

walk to school ； sedentary lifestyle ； health-related physical fitness

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