安姆氏法評估環境荷爾蒙類農藥之致變異性

The mutagenic effect of environmental hormone pesticides evaluated by Ames test assay

林惠元(Huei-Yuan Lin)

指導教授 ： 王順成

朝陽科技大學/理工學院/環境工程與管理系/碩士(2011年)

摘要

近年來，許多含有疑似環境荷爾蒙成份之農藥相繼被檢測出，而此些農藥可能兼具致變異性，當人體長期暴露於低劑量下，易於體內累積並造成慢性疾病、生殖系統疾病或致癌等影響，因此逐漸引起國際間的關注。本研究目的是利用Ames test之非代謝型遺傳致變異方法輔以化學分析，快速檢測本試驗選定之台灣常用十三種被列為疑似環境荷爾蒙農藥的原體及商品，包括：歐殺松(Acephate)、達馬松(Methamidophos)、益達胺(Imidacloprid)、阿巴汀(Abamectin)、納乃得(Methomyl)、加保利(Carbaryl)、賽滅寧(Cypermethrin)、依普同(Iprodione)、三泰芬(Triadimefon)、四氯異苯腈(Chlorothalonil)、嘉磷塞(Glyphosate)、莫多草(Metolachlor)及草滅淨(Simazine)是否兼具致變異性，並另外採取農藥工廠廢水，包括：原水、生物舖氣水、曝氣水及放流水，分析農藥之複合致變異性，此等資料，可提供進一步動物試驗之參考或根據。結果顯示，部分疑似環境荷爾蒙農藥且兼具致變異性之藥劑，原體部分為：加保利、三泰芬；商品部分為：加保利、賽滅寧、益達胺、依普同、三泰芬、四氯異苯腈及嘉磷塞，農藥工廠採樣廢水，包含：原水、曝氣水及放流水，檢測結果具致變異性，應注意廢水排放標準，以免造成環境生態衝擊。

關鍵字

致變異性 ； 環境荷爾蒙 ； 除草劑 ； 殺菌劑 ； Ames test ； 殺蟲劑

並列摘要

In recent years, many pesticides have been detected containing suspected environmental hormones. These pesticides may also contain variability. This kind of pesticides could easily accumulate in human body and then further chronic diseases, reproductive system diseases, and cancer under low dosage and long exposure period. As above mentioned, it attracts much attention about this issue worldwide. The aim of this study was to use non-metabolic mutagenic Ames test and chemical analysis to rapidly detect thirteen suspected environmental hormone pesticides conventionally used in Taiwan including Acephate, Methamidophos, Imidacloprid, Abamectin, Methomyl, Carbaryl, Cypermethrin, Iprodione, Triadimefon, Chlorothalonil, Glyphosate, Metolachlor and Simazine. In addition, we also collected waste water discharged from pesticide factories including raw water, bio-aerated water, aerated water and drained water to analyze the composite mutagenesis of pesticides. According to the results above mentioned, it could provide references or bases for further animal experiments. The results revealed that partial suspected environmental pesticides with mutagenesis could be separated into the technical grade material parts, i.e., Carbaryl and Triadimefon, commercial parts, i.e., Carbaryl, Cypermethrin, Imidacloprid, Iprodione, Triadimefon, Chlorothalonil and Glyphosate, and waste water discharged from pesticide factories including raw water, aerated water and drained water. Owing to environmental hormone pesticides above mentioned with mutagenesis, we should notice rules about waste water discharges to prevent environmental and ecological damage.

並列關鍵字

Ames test ； insecticide ； mutation ； environmental hormones ； herbicide ； fungicide

參考文獻

游碧育，「農藥中不純物之致變異性篩選」，台灣省農業藥物毒物試驗所，技術專刊第24號，第1-8頁(1992)。

王順成、何琦琛，「農藥對台灣環境生態之影響」，農業生態系與生物多樣性研討會，第53-63頁(2010)。

楊淑惠、陳鯤兆、吳昭慧、廖俊旺，「銀耳多醣產品毒理及致突變性評估」，台灣農業研究，第57卷，第4期，第243-255頁(2008)。

Liu, L., Hu, J. X., Wang, H., Chen, B. j., He, Z., and Xu, L. C.,“Effects of beta-cypermethrin on male rat reproductive system,”Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, pp. 1-6(2010).

Mackison, F. W., Stricoff, R. S., and Partridge, L. J., NIOSH/OSHA – Occupational health guidelines for chemical hazards, DHHS(NIOSH) publication, washington, DC, U.S. Government printing office, Vol. 3, No. 81-123, pp. 2(1981).