鄉村型態衛生所公共衛生護理人員核心職能自覺評估----以嘉義縣為例

Self-Reported Core Competence of Public Health Nurses of the Rural Health Station

方貴英(KUEI-YING FANG)

指導教授 ： 黃英家

亞洲大學/健康學院/長期照護研究所/碩士(2007年)

摘要

本研究目的旨在探討嘉義縣所屬衛生所公共衛生護理人員之核心職能狀況及其相關因素。以量性研究法之問卷調查收集資料，研究工具包括基本資料及採用美國護理組織會議之「公共衛生護理人員核心職能量表」，量表內容包括分析評估能力、政策研擬與方案規劃能力、溝通能力、教養（文化）的能力、社區經營實務能力、基礎公共衛生科學能力、財務計畫和管理能力、領導和系統性思考能力等八大領域，以自評方式測試。共發出124份問卷，回收124份，回收率達100%；其中有效問卷122份，有效問卷達98.38%，Cronbach’s α值為0.9396，經資料處理分析結果:公共衛生護理人員平均年齡為38.65歲(SD=8.85)，教育程度以專科畢業者佔55.8％，取得護理最高文憑距今年限，10年以上約占58.19％，公共衛生年資平均11.10年（SD=8.48），整體核心職能為中等程度平均得分3.20分（SD=0.54），自覺核心職能得分最高為溝通能力，其次為社區經營技巧，以政策研擬與方案規劃能力及領導和系統思考能力最弱。相關因素方面職能與核心職能呈正相關，地段管理人口與核心職能呈負相關，公衛年資10~20年者自評核心職能最佳；有護理師執照者年齡41歲以上者核心職能得分最高，地段管理人數大於5000人以上且在職訓練半年內大於5次以上者其自評的核心職能愈高。回歸分析以職稱、地段管理為核心職能之預測因子。建議未來可加強公共衛生護理人員行政管理的養成教育，建制公共衛生護理系，提倡公共衛生護理人員能力階級制度。
此研究結果可作為衛生單位擬定公共衛生護理人員在職訓練課程之設計規劃之參考。

關鍵字

公共衛生護理人員 ； 公共衛生護理 ； 核心職能

並列摘要

To study the core competence and relative factors of the public health nurses (PHN) at health station in Chiayi County of Taiwan, we collected data by the questionnaire survey modified from ‘the core competencies for public health professional standards’ of the Quad Council of Public Health Nursing Organization. We got nurses’ basic information and self-reported responses in eight PHN domains which included analysis and assessment, policy development and program planning, communication, cultural competency, community administration, basic public health sciences, financial planning and management, leadership and system thinking. One hundred and twenty four copies of questionnaires were sent and all (100%) were collected back. Among them, 122 copies (98.4%) of questionnaires are valid and the Cronbach’s α is 0.94.
The results reveal that average age of PHN is 38.65 years old (SD =8.85) and there are 55.8% PHN with the college background, and 58.19% PHN with their highest diploma of nursing more than 10 years, and the average public health experience is 11.10 years (SD =8.48). The average score of holistic core competence is 3.20 (SD =0.54). PHN get highest scores in communication of the self-assessment core competence, which follows by the community administration. They get lower scores in policy development/program planning, and leadership/systems thinking.
By logistic regression analysis, the result shows positive correlation between core competences of PHN and their professional hierarchy, and negative correlation between core competences and population of local zones. It reveals that PHN with 10-20 years public health experience get higher scores of self-assessed core competence. PHN with Registered Professional Nurse licenses and older than 41 y/o get higher scores of self-assessed core competence. It also reveals that PHN management more than 5000 population of local zones and for on the job training over 5 times in half a year get higher scores of self-assessed core competence.
Based on the research results, we advise the authority to reinforce the PHN on-the-job training programs of administration capacity, to set up the department for training PHN in medical schools, and to advocate the promotion of PHN refered to their public health professional abilities and competence.

並列關鍵字

Public health nurses ； Public health nursing ； Core competence

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