“核心集團與核心區”理論的檢討－關於古代中國國家權力形成的一點思考

在認識古代中國國家權力摶成課題時，空間脈絡是既經提出、但未深入的領域，早年陳寅恪著名的關隴集團與關中本位政策，即其例。唯寅恪之說迄未獲得深入檢討，至80年代，受到許倬雲核心區理論的啟發，毛漢光拓展寅恪論點的適用範圍，提高寅恪論點的解釋效力。筆者深感前輩學者提出的論點存在著相互溝通的可能，嚐試作一些「溫故」的工作。張光直、許倬雲、毛漢光氏等前輩學者的研究領域、方法和切入點各不相同，但提出的論點卻予人殊途同歸之感，所論亦足以向前銜接戰前的陳寅恪、侯外廬，共同塑造一個古代中國國家權力摶成的解釋脈絡。古代中國國家的空間特質以及由此衍生的中國史之獨特性，遂逐漸浮現在讀者眼前。基於回首既往的目的，本文擬以讀書心得的方式，整理並反省我們自身的學術傳承，陳、侯、張、許、毛等前輩學者提出了迄今仍深具意義的觀點，有待進一步發掘其底蘊。本文擬結合柳宗元〈封建論〉與荀子〈議兵〉、〈彊國〉等篇，勾勒許、張、毛等先學匯聚而成的古代中國史解釋脈絡，在時間方面進一步拓展核心區理論的適用範圍，同時也著重從組織與制度層次，分析核心集團通過制度與結構之聯繫，摶成權力的歷史過程。

關鍵字

核心集團；核心區；毛漢光；國家權力；關隴集團

並列摘要

Ancient Chinese scholars, Xun-zhi(荀子), Liu Zhong-yuan(柳宗元) to name a few, have already noticed the geographical importance during the process of the state building. Noticing the meaning of locations, Chen Yin-que and Hou, Wai-lu, have started to explain the formation of the power of the state in ancient China in the 1940's. ”Guan-long Group and the Policy of 'Guan-zhong Above All', one of the most important articles dealing with this topic by Chen Yin-que, provides scholars of the next two generations with a great room for further discussion and research. Zhang Guang-zhi and Xu zhuo-yun carried out the studies successfully. In the 1980s, based on Xu zhuo-yun's Heartland-theory, Mao Han-Guang expanded and applied Chen's theory in explaining the structural changes of the administrations of the Empire of early days. Thus, Chen's theory was put in a larger frame and deepened. The Author wishes to give a historical review of the developments of the main ideas by above mentioned scholars with some thoughts and reflections.