中產階級與社會問題意識－辯證式的合與分

Middle Class and Their Consciousness on Social Problems-A Dialectical Process of Convergence and Divergence

周愫嫻(Su-Syan Jou)

《犯罪學期刊》 3期 (1997/12) Pp. 121-138

https://doi.org/10.29607/ZHWHGX.199712.0006

摘要

本文的研究目的是企圖區分中產階級與其他階級對社會問題危害性評估的異同性，並且深入分析中產階級內部對此問題觀點分化的情形。在分析了十種社會問題危害性之後，本文發現台灣社會各階級的看法的確具有差異性，其中資本家態度最為保守，標準最為嚴格；中產階級居中；勞工階級居後。另外，中產階級內部也產生了撕裂的現象，其特點有三：一是中小企業主之中產階級化：二是自雇主與中產階級有脫離的趨勢：三是低層白領受雇者普羅化的情形並不嚴重。最後本文建議重整中產階級概念，而且焦點應放在檢討自雇主與中小企業主的階級屬性，而不是低層的白領受薪者。至於重整中產階級概念時，應考慮利用韋柏學來瞭悟台灣社會政治、文化與經濟盤根交錯的中小企業主以及自雇主的階級性格。

並列摘要

This study attempts to, first, examine if different perspectives on social problems exist among social classes and second, determine whether diverse perceptions are there within middle class. The results find that capitalists tend to hold the most conservative view on the danger of many social problems, followed by middle class and working class. The analyses also indicates that different views on the danger of social problems are statistically significant within middle class. That is, while the owners of small companies through middle class, petty bourgeoisie is moving down towards blue-collar class. The paper suggests that researchers need to clarify and integrate the contrast between Marxian and Weberian definitions of class in general and middle class in particular.