有色水稻中花青素的種類及其功能探討

The Composition and Function of Anthocyanins in Colored Rice

施怡如(Yi-Ju Shih) ； 鄭統隆(Toong-Long Jeng) ； 曾東海(Tong-Hai Tseng) ； 王強生(Chang-Sheng Wang)

《中華農業研究》 53卷4期 (2004/12) Pp. 221-228

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.200412.0001

摘要

在水稻豐富的種原中包含許多種具有顏色的穀粒，稱為有色米。有色米的色素主要分佈於穎果皮或是種皮，其色素主要是由花青素所構成。花青素是植物所特有的多酚類化合物，也是類黃酮代謝路徑所衍生的化合物，植物主要的花青素有紫紅色的矢車菊素、橘紅色的天竺葵素及藍紫色的飛燕草素等三種，均為抗氧化物，可抑制脂質過氧化，並具有清除自由基的能力。水稻植株各部位均會累積花青素，而以有色米之穎果皮含量最高。利用HPLC分析結果顯示，大部分紫黑色穎果皮品種主要含有cyanidin-3-glucoside及peonidin-3-glucoside二種花青素；褐色穎果皮的色素是一種聚合的類黃酮稱為原花青素。有色米的動物試驗發現，含有花青素的米糠層可抑制老鼠及兔子粥狀動脈硬化症，主要是藉由改善類固醇的累積和減少氧化逆境及發炎所致。有色米似乎具有保健的功能，如能進一步研究，應可提高水稻的利用價值。

關鍵字

水稻 ； 有色米 ； 花青素 ； 原花青素 ； 抗氧化活性

並列摘要

Colored rice has the characteristic of coloration in the pericarp of rice grains. There are many colored rice in rice germplasm. The pigments of colored rice are mainly located at the pericarp or seed coats of rice grain and are anthocyanin pigments. Anthocyanins are plant unique phenolic compounds derived from flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. The red cyanidins, orange pelargonidin, and purple-blue delphinidin are three major anthocyanins, which are reported to have anti-oxidative activity on lipid and scavenge activity on removing free radical. Therefore, they are considered to be good for human health. The results of HPLC analyses showed that the cyanidin-3-glucoside and peonidin-3-glucoside are two major anthocyanins in the pericarp of black rice, however, the brown rice pericarp contains proanthocyanins as the major pigments. The results of animal tests using pigments from bran layer of colored rice demonstrated that the anthocyanins can relief the atherosclerotic plaque disease of mouse and rabbit through decreasing the cholesterols accumulation, oxidative stress and inflammation. It seems that colored rice can be used as health food. Further study on the utilization value of rice grain on human health is likely to be highly rewarding.

並列關鍵字

Rice ； Colored rice ； Anthocyanins ； Proanthocyanidin ； Anti-oxidative activity