女性飛行員懷孕的航醫考量

The Aeromedical Concern and Waiver Consideration of Pregnancy

吳受恩(Shou-En Wu) ； 林鴻欣(Hung-Hsin Lin) ； 楊子賢(Tzu-Hsien Yang) ； 吳東諺(Tung-Yen Wu) ； 陳品璋(Pin-Chang Chen)

《中華民國航空醫學暨科學期刊》 33卷1&2期 (2019/12) Pp. 51-56

https://doi.org/10.7011/JAMSROC.201912_33(1_2).0005

摘要

懷孕是多數女性會面臨到的人生轉捩點，飛行員也不例外。然而，懷孕所帶來劇烈的生理轉變，加上飛行本身特殊的工作環境和壓力，對女飛行員都造成比一般女性更艱難的考驗。本文就本國空軍及美國空軍、海軍教範、美國民航局（FAA）、歐洲安全航空局（EASA）、澳洲民航安全局（CASA）做比較，探討女性飛行員懷孕在航空醫學的考量及缺點免計的規範。雖然各國規範有些微的差異，但仍以飛行安全為首要考量。女性飛行員必須為非複雜性懷孕（Uncomplicated pregnancy）、單胞胎、在規定的懷孕週數內才能申請缺點免計。同時，該飛行員的航醫及所屬長官等權責人員需清楚明瞭懷孕對飛行所造成的影響，在缺點免計的申請文件中附上證明。缺點免計的期間內，仍需密集監控其臨床症狀。由此可知，懷孕雖非疾病，但相較於其他缺點免計項目，其重要性仍不可忽視。

關鍵字

懷孕 ； 航空醫學 ； 缺點免計

並列摘要

For female flyers, pregnancy is a unique condition that brings typical physiological changes, pregnancy-specific diseases and effects on preexisting medical conditions. Furthermore, the flight environment challenges the mother and fetus during pregnancy. Therefore, aeromedical concerns of and waiver requests from pregnant flyers require prudent considerations. We reviewed pregnancy-related rules in military waiver guides (R.O.C Airforce, US Airforce, US Navy) and regulations of civilian agencies (FAA, EASA and CASA). Comparisons of disqualifying circumstances and waiver restrictions were made. Only singleton and uncomplicated pregnancies are ＂waiverable＂. Gestational weeks and aerospace physiology trainings are strictly regulated. The commander of flight squadron, flight surgeon and obstetric providers should all clearly understand the risks and have the authority to suspend the waiver if necessary.

並列關鍵字

Pregnancy ； aeromedical ； waiver consideration