祈告先聖－析朱熹「告先聖」行為的特質及影響

Zhu Xi's Praying to Confucius: An Analysis on its Uniqueness and Influences

張清江(Qing-Jiang Zhang)

《華梵人文學報》 23期 (2015/01) Pp. 95-122

摘要

「告先聖」是朱熹生命中的重要行為，但卻極少為學界關注，對其「告先聖文」的仔細分疏可以發現，雖然其中包含著遵從禮制要求的因素，但更多地是在表達朱熹個人與先聖之間的交流。而對比朱熹此一行為與其他同類行為可以看出，「告先聖」不同於祈雨、祭告祖先等行為，只有在「告先聖」的行為中，朱熹表達了對自己生命的關注；只有在面對先聖的時候，朱熹能夠完全開放自己，面對自己要努力的方向，尋求生命的轉化和突破。在這個意義上，對朱熹來說，面對孔子時的「告先聖」具有相當獨特的意義，它不僅對於朱熹面對不同理解時表現出的自信具有意義，而且對朱熹本人思想言說和生活都具有相當重要的作用。只有從這個角度出發，才能更深刻地理解朱熹「祈告先聖」的生命經驗。

關鍵字

朱熹 ； 先聖 ； 祝告 ； 特質 ； 影響

並列摘要

Praying to Confucius is one of the most important behaviors for Zhu Xi in his whole life, but it was hardly noticed before in Chinese academic tradition. By a careful reading of his prayers can we find that, although this behavior is demanded by the ritual system, Zhu Xi wanted to communicate with Confucius by this means. If we compare it with other similar behaviors, such as praying for the rain and praying to ancestors, it is very obvious that only in praying to Confucius that Zhu Xi can open up his entire self and can search for the transformation and breakthrough of his life. In this sense, Praying to Confucius is very unique for Zhu Xi, not only because this behavior brings him self-confidence to face this secular world, but also because that it plays such an important role in Zhu Xi's thought and life. Only from this perspective can we understand better for his life experiences of praying to Confucius.

並列關鍵字

Zhu Xi ； Confucius ； pray ； uniqueness ； influence

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