青少年選手知覺教練塑造的賦權及削權動機氣候與害怕失敗、團隊凝聚力之關係

Coach-created empowering/disempowering motivational climate, fear of failure, and team cohesion in youth athletes

卓國雄(Kuo-Hsiung Cho)

《臺灣運動心理學報》 18卷2期 (2018/11) Pp. 1-20

https://doi.org/10.6497/BSEPT.201811_18(2).0001

摘要

目的：本研究旨在探討青少年選手知覺教練塑造的賦權及削權動機氣候、害怕失敗與團隊凝聚力之關係。方法：以212名青少年運動選手為研究對象（男生159名、女生53名），平均年齡16.14歲（SD = 1.13），平均運動年齡為5.44年（SD= 2.87）。採多元逐步迴歸分析賦權及削權動機氣候、害怕失敗對團隊凝聚力的預測情形，以結構方程模式驗證假設性的中介模式與實徵觀察資料之適配程度。結果：削權動機氣候、害怕失敗與賦權動機氣候三個變項可解釋工作凝聚力變異量的19.9%。賦權動機氣候及削權動機氣候二個變項可解釋社會凝聚力變異量的15.2%。中介效果分析顯示，害怕失敗可部分中介削權動機氣候與工作凝聚力關係；但害怕失敗卻無中介削權動機氣候與社會凝聚力關係之效果。結論：教練塑造的動機氣候對害怕失敗及團隊凝聚力有不同的影響性，當青少年選手知覺教練塑造的是賦權動機氣候時有利於團隊工作和社會凝聚力的提昇；反之，知覺的是削權動機氣候時將提高選手害怕失敗的動機而不利於工作凝聚力的發展。

關鍵字

自我決定 ； 控制型教練行為 ； 自主性支持

並列摘要

Purpose: This study was to examine the relationship among perceptions of coach-created empowering/disempowering motivational climate, fear of failure, and team cohesion for youth athletes. Method: The participants for the study included 159 male and 53 female adolescent athletes (M = 16.14, SD = 1.13 years; average sport age = 5.44, SD = 2.87 years). The stepwise multiple regressions were used to analyze the prediction of team cohesion by coach-created empowering/disempowering motivational climate and fear of failure. Furthermore, the goodness-of-fit indexes for the hypothesized mediation model was examined by the observed samples using the structural equation modeling. Results: The findings revealed that coach-created disempowering motivational climate and fear of failure and coach-created empowering motivational climate could significantly predict task cohesion (accounted for 19.9% of the variance). Also, coach-created empowering and disempowering motivational climate could significantly predict social cohesion (accounted for 15.2% of the variance). Additionally, fear of failure could partially mediate the relationships between coach-created disempowering motivational climate and task cohesion. Conclusion: These findings suggest the coach-created motivational climate can differentially impact fear of failure and team cohesion in youth athletes. The perception of coach-created empowering motivational climate will enhance task and social cohesion of youth sport teams, whereas coach-created disempowering motivational climate will elicit fear of failure that can obstruct the development of task cohesion.

並列關鍵字

self-determination ； controlling coach behavior ； autonomy-support

參考文獻

熊乃儀、陳建瑋、季力康(2017)。大專甲組選手運動希望與害怕失敗對自我設限之預測。運動研究。26(1)，57-72。

卓國雄(2016)。運動情境中害怕失敗與2×2 成就目標之因果關係驗證。國立臺灣體育運動大學學報。5(1)，47-75。

卓國雄(2017)。學童選手害怕失敗、能力知覺與自我設限的關係：2×2 成就目標之中介效果。臺灣運動心理學報。17(1)，1-22。

卓國雄、盧俊宏(2005)。中文版表現失敗評估量表之修訂研究：探索性和驗證性因素分析。大專體育學刊。7(2)，111-123。

Ames, C.(1992).Achievement goals, motivational climate, and motivational processes.Motivation in sport and exercise.(Motivation in sport and exercise).: