退役運動員感恩與社會支持交互調節下的主動人格與生涯適應力之關係

The effect of proactive personality on retired athletes' career adaptability under the moderation of interaction between gratitude and social support

陳怡安(Yi-An Chen) ； 陳美燕(Mei-Yen Chen) ； 陳柏青(Bo-Ching Chen)

《臺灣運動心理學報》 22卷2期 (2022/07) Pp. 1-29

https://doi.org/10.6497/BSEPT.202207_22(2).0001

摘要

目的：本研究以生涯建構理論與正向情緒拓建理論為基礎，探討在感恩與社會支持交互調節下，退役運動員主動人格與生涯適應力之間的關係。方法：研究者透過退役奧運選手專屬社群，採用滾雪球方式，請曾經代表臺灣參與過國際賽事之優秀退役運動員填寫網路問卷，共獲得261份有效問卷（男性195名、女性66名；有90名參加過奧運）。結果：運動員的主動人格會正向提升生涯適應力；社會支持會負向調節運動員的主動人格對生涯適應力的關係；感恩會負向調節社會支持的調節效果。結論：感恩具有類似增幅放大器之功能，能夠「放大」社會支持的「負向調節」之效果。將其發現應用在運動員的主動人格提升生涯適應力上，對於低主動人格型的運動員，在社會支持之外，如再導入感恩，可達到更好的生涯適應力增加效果；但是對於高主動人格的運動員，如太過於強調感恩時，反而削弱了部分生涯適應力。

關鍵字

生涯建構理論 ； 正向情緒拓建理論 ； 職業適應力 ； 職業能力

並列摘要

Purpose: Based on the career construction theory and broaden-and-build theory, this study investigated the relationship between retired athletes' proactive personality and career adaptability under the moderating effect of gratitude and social support. Method: This study recruited 261 retired international-level athelets (195 males, 66 females ; 90 Olympic athletes) in Taiwan as participants with a snowball method via specific social network. The participants were invited to fill in online questionnaires. Results: Retired athletes' proactive personality would enhance their career adaptability. However, social support would negatively moderate the effect of proactive personality on career adaptability. For those who had lower gratitude, the moderating effect of social support on the relationship between proactive personality and career adaptability was greater than those who had higher gratitude. Conclusion: While gratitude plays as an amplifier to amplify the negative moderating effect of social support, professoinals are suggested to improve career adaptability for those athletes with an inactive personality by means of the provision of social support and promotion of gratitude. However, too much emphasis on gratitude may compromise the career adaptability of athletes with a high initiative personality.

並列關鍵字

career construction theory ； broaden-and-build theory ； career adaptability ； career ability

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