大專運動員的生涯適應：以生涯建構理論觀點

Career Adaptability Among College Athletes: A Career Construction Theory Perspective

吳明翰(Ming-Han Wu) ； 林欣慧(Shin-Huei Lin)

《大專體育學刊》 23卷3期 (2021/09) Pp. 227-241

https://doi.org/10.5297/ser.202109_23(3).0001

摘要

隨著近年來臺灣選手在國際體壇上屢獲佳績，運動員生涯發展的議題逐漸受到學界和大眾的廣泛關注。許多運動員為了爭取佳績，往往投注大量時間在專項訓練上，導致學業與職涯無法互相兼顧，造成生涯適應上的危機。此外，從理論的角度來看，專注未來的特徵傾向、社交脈絡與生涯適應對於個人主動生涯行為之促發方式與機制仍尚未完全釐清。因此，本研究依據生涯建構理論，目的是探討學生運動員在未來機會展望、生涯適應，以及主動生涯行為間的關係，並以調節式中介模式檢驗社會支持的調節效果。研究對象為大專運動員，以問卷調查方式進行兩階段的資料蒐集。研究結果發現：大專運動員的未來機會展望能透過個體生涯適應影響主動生涯行為，同時，透過調節式中介模式的檢驗發現，生涯適應對於未來機會展望和主動生涯行為的中介效果，在個體擁有低社會支持的情況下會受到強化。本研究結論指出生涯適應在大專運動員生涯發展的過程中扮演了相當重要中介角色，而社會支持則對於上述中介脈絡有顯著的調節效果。因此，建議政府、學校及相關職涯輔導單位可從提升運動員之生涯關注度、好奇心、控制力及自信心等面向著手，具體提升其生涯適應，以拓展未來生涯選擇的面向。

關鍵字

生涯發展 ； 調節式中介模式 ； 社會支持 ； 中介角色

並列摘要

Taiwanese athletes' career development has gradually received wide attention from academics and the general public. In order to boost sports performance, student athletes often invest considerable time in training. This can lead to an imbalance between their studies and professional careers, resulting in a crisis of career adaptability. From a theoretical point of view, the manner and mechanism through which future-focused trait orientation, social networking, and career adaptability trigger proactive career behaviors are still not yet fully determined. Therefore, based on the career construction model of adaptation, this study discusses the relationships among focus on future opportunities, career adaptability, and proactive career behavior. It also examines the moderating effect of social support using a moderated mediation model. Two-stage data collection was conducted using a questionnaire for college athletes. Results indicated that focus on opportunities affects proactive career behavior through individual career adaptability. Meanwhile, the moderated mediation model indicated that the mediating effect of career adaptability on focus on opportunities and proactive career behavior would be strengthened when individuals have low social support. This study finds that career adaptability plays a crucial mediating role in the career development of college athletes, while social support exerts a moderating effect. In conclusion, it is recommended that the government, school units, and school and career counselors should start improving athletes' concern, curiosity, control, and confidence regarding their careers. Finally, enhancing their career adaptability will expand their future career options.

並列關鍵字

career development ； moderated mediation ； social support ； mediating role

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