厲鬼．節婦．烈女記─台南陳守娘傳說探賾

Ferocious Ghosts．Chaste Women and Filial Piety．the Biographies of Exemplary Women: The Legend Story of Chen Shou Niang in Tainan

柯榮三(Ko Jung-San)

《臺灣文學研究學報》 31期 (2020/10) Pp. 9-52

摘要

關於陳守娘事蹟的紀錄，最早可見於劉家謀（1814-1853）《海音詩》（1855），在歌詠陳守娘事蹟的詩後注文文字中，帶有幽鬼崇祀的靈異色彩。1920年，連橫於《臺灣通史》卷35〈列女列傳〉中為陳守娘立傳，在靈異風說之外，加入了「眾欽其節」之語，今日台南孔廟西側「節孝祠」，即可見祀有「欽褒節烈邑民人林壽妻陳氏守娘神位」。1932年4月，連橫於《三六九小報》連載的「雅言」專欄中曾記到：「又有采拾台灣故事，編為歌辭者，如〈戴萬生〉、〈陳守娘〉及〈民主國〉，則西洋之史詩也。」雖然以「陳守娘」為題材的俗曲唱本早已不復得見，但1930年代台灣的曲盤（唱片）聲音資料中所存《台南烈女記》（前後集，共計8張曲盤），內容正是「陳守娘」傳說，這恰可作為我們瞭解1930年代陳守娘傳說如何被講述及傳唱的重要參考依據。台灣鬼怪傳說故事近年來在網路媒體的推波助瀾下，吸引了不少新世代創作者及讀者的關注，本文首先從新世代創作者對陳守娘傳說的演繹出發，審視陳守娘事蹟何以在近年來被形塑為台灣「最強女鬼傳說」。其次，考察節孝祠內「欽褒節烈邑民人林壽妻陳氏守娘神位」的來歷，思索陳守娘傳說中「屢著靈異」一語的解讀方式。最後，披露1930年代台灣「紅利家」曲盤錄音資料《台南烈女記》的完整內容，並指出《台南烈女記》中「靈異」現象的民間信仰意涵。

關鍵字

陳守娘 ； 厲鬼 ； 節婦 ； 《台南烈女記》 ； 紅利家 ； 《臺南聖廟考》

並列摘要

The earliest records on the life of Chen Shou Niang can be found in ＂Haiyin Poetry＂ (1855), written by Liu Jia Mou (1814-1853). The postscript of Chen's deeds takes a supernatural turn when it details the worshipping of a ferocious ghost. In the 1920s, Lian Heng wrote Chen's biography in volume 35 of the General History of Taiwan. Aside from making mention of supernatural spirits, the publication added the phrase, ＂Her integrity was respected.＂ Until today, the memorial to Chen can be found in the ＂Filial Piety Temple＂ on the west side of the Confucius Temple in Tainan. In the year 1932, Lian Heng wrote in the 369 Tabloid, ＂There are also collected stories from Taiwan that were compiled into songs, such as ＂Dai Wan Sheng＂, ＂Chen Shou Niang＂, and ＂the Democratic Republic.＂ Although folk songs about Chen Shou Niang no longer surface, sound data has been found that is made up of musical records from Taiwan in the 1930s named The Biographies of Exemplary Women of Tainan - with 8 discs in total. Consequently, this sound data happens to include the legendary story of Chen Shou Niang, serving as an important reference for us to understand how the tale of Chen was told and sung in the 1930s. In recent times, Taiwan's ghost story legends have captured the attention of a new generation of creators and readers with the help of the media. This paper begins with their interpretations of Chen's legend, and examines the reasons why Chen's tale has been presented in Taiwan as the ＂Tainan mighty-woman ghost story legend＂. Secondly, this paper explores the origin of Chen's memorial tablet in the Filial Piety Temple, and explores the interpretation of the term ＂repeated supernatural＂ in Chen's narrative. Lastly, this paper reveals the complete content of the recording data off of Taiwan's ＂Regal Record＂ sound disc from the 1930s, and highlights the folk meaning of ＂supernatural＂ phenomenon in Exemplary Women in Tainan.

並列關鍵字

Chen Shou Niang ； Ferocious Ghost ； Moral Integrity ； Exemplary Women in Tainan ； Regal Record ； Tainan-Sheng-Miao-Kao

參考文獻

不題撰人，《新刊民主歌》（中國上海：開文書局，年代不詳），台灣大學圖書館楊雲萍文庫藏。

不題撰人，《新刊民主歌》，（中國上海：點石齋，1897），中國廣州中山大學中文系「風俗物品陳列室」舊藏。

不題撰人，《新刻手抄台灣民主歌》（石印書局發兌，年代不詳），《台灣俗曲集（上）》（年代不詳），國立台灣圖書館藏。

不題撰人，《臺省民主歌》（中國上海：點石齋，1897年），黃天橫先生藏。

台南市文獻委員會訪輯，〈台郡節孝局史料：五、禮部題本〉，《臺南文化》4卷3期（1955.04），頁118。