「翦」字新詮：兼說卜辭「鬳小臣、小妾」

卜辭□（《合》6342）、□（《合》6834）字，目前以釋「捷」、「翦」、「截」為主，各有學者贊同並進行申說。文中藉由文例探討「□」字的語言結構，以確立其動詞屬性，進而嘗試從「□」字形左上的留存「木」筆畫談起，重新思索此字取「戈翦木」作為造字的背後意涵，以及何以用於戰爭軍事之中。藉由意象的建構歸納出「翦」與先民思維間的聯繫，進而探討在此字背後延伸出的相關字詞，如周鳳五依據「櫱」為伐木之餘，解釋「獻（櫱）民」是用以表示遺民身份，即以此配合「翦」字的考釋，揭示先民藉由植物狀態比喻國家的形態。文中亦藉由後世平行的例子進行比較，以「滅」字的產生以及其延伸出相關字形與「翦」做出對比。

關鍵字

甲骨；語義類推；翦；櫱；滅

並列摘要

The characters □(piece 6342) and □(piece 6834) have been primarily interpreted as ＂Jie,＂＂Jian＂ or ＂Jie＂ in a majority of literature. After investigating the usage of □, this article explores its language composition, thereby establishing its verbal property. Starting from the strokes of ＂wood＂ at the upper left of the character □, this article seeks to reconsider the connotation of ＂cutting wood with a dagger-axe＂ behind its coinage, and address the question as to why this word was used in describing warfare. By virtue of image construction, this article induces the connections between the character ＂Jian＂ and our ancestor's thinking, thereby investigating its derivatives. Based on the character ＂Xian＂ interpreted as the detritus of logging, for example, Feng-Wu Zhou argued that the term ＂Xian people＂ refers to adherents of a former dynasty. By reference to the textual interpretation of the character ＂Jian,＂ Feng-Wu Zhou revealed that our ancestors invoked the metaphor of plants to represent the state. This article also performs a comparative analysis of parallel examples of the later times, contrasting the character ＂Jian＂ with the coinage of the character ＂Mie＂ and its derivatives.