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學校心理諮詢LIFE實務模式的初步建構:以反映性實踐對話歷程為基底的應用

Preliminary Construct of the LIFE Model for School Consultation Practice: the Application of Reflective Practice Dialogue

摘要


鑒於學校心理服務中諮詢工作極為重要,但是卻長期以來較少能形成系統化諮詢實務模式與訓練方案。本文嘗試整合近年實務反思和文獻探討,提出一簡要且可茲應用的諮詢模式。文章首先對於學校諮詢工作相關理論瀏覽,界定諮詢實務的核心要素著重於關係建構、議題理解、目標與焦點設定與改變促發等。更進一步,根據體驗式學習、相關的成人學習理論、反映性實踐的對話歷程,以及社會建構教育學之理念,界定以家長和教師的「生活領導力」發展和促進為核心議題來建構模式。透過文獻探討與說明提出LIFE諮詢模式之幾項觀點作為實務參考:(一)從界限、權威、角色、任務等四個向度,來界定家長與教師之諮詢工作歷程中,促進其生活領導力之主要參照。(二)從工作任務的來回交錯界定四個重要的諮詢階段:其一,關係建立與合作建構的傾聽同理—建立連結(Listening & Linking);其二,多層次的敘事理解與議題的再認識之資料蒐集—議題探索(Information & Issues);其三,透過期待的反思來強化願景的導出之焦點探詢—反思促發(Focus & Facilitate);以及第四,重新框視處境、探索可能性的新策略或表現新角色之探討策略—賦能實踐(Exploration & Empowerment)。(三)在建構適切的介入概念方面,亦提出諮詢者於關係連結時的多元文化平權意識、議題探索時的多層次理解的視域擴展,以及如何促發反思與賦能等構想。文末,對於模式於學校心理與輔導之實務開展,亦針對單次諮詢、多次邀約的延續諮詢,以及未來展望與進階研究,加以提出討論與建議。

並列摘要


The consultation work in school psychological services that has been considered important for a long time. However, the systematic practice models or training programs rarely formatted. This current study proposed a brief applicable consultation LIFE model, based on literature review and recent practical examination. In the inquiry, the core elements of consultation practice which emphasized on the consultation relationship building, issue processing, goal and focus setting, and the mechanism of change facilitating, were addressed by reviewing the relevant theories of school consultation work. Further, in light of the experience learning and adult learning theory, reflective practice of dialogue process, and social construction pedagogy, this LIFE model is constructed by anchoring development and promoting of life leadership for parents and teachers as the core issue. Some practical viewpoints of the LIFE model are presented as following: 1) Four dimensions including boundary, authority, role, and task, are defined as the main references for parents and teachers to promote their life leadership in consultation process. 2) There are four repeatable stages. Stage one, relationship building and collaboration (Listening & Linking). Stage two, progressive multi-level understanding and issue identifying (Information & Issues). Stage three, focus inquiry and the expectation reflection, and enhancing the vision addressing (Focus & Facilitate). Stage four, strategies of reframing and exploring the possibilities, and identifying strategies of performing a new role, i.e. the empowerment process (Exploration & Empowerment). 3) For better intervention strategy, the model brings out some issues, such as cultural diversity in building connection in working process, multi-layer perception to explore personal issues and facilitating reflection and empowerment. The LIFE consultation model provides schools with psychological service and counseling practice, applying a single session, continued repetitive consultation. The discussion and recommendation in the current paper are posted for future and advanced research.

參考文獻


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