友善栽培田區生態營造與鳥類觀察～以旗南分場試驗田區為例

Ecological Construction and Bird Observation in Friendly Cultivated Field~Take the experimental field of Chinan branch as an example

侯秉賦(Ping Fu Hou) ； 周國隆(Kuo Lung Chou)

《臺中區農業改良場特刊》 144號 (2021/09) Pp. 125-135

摘要

適度的地景豐富度，搭配水池、喬灌木及蜜源植物的栽培，對於農田生態營造應有相對的助益。本試驗以行政院農業委員會高雄區農業改良場旗南分場試驗田區生態營造為主，並綜整近2年田間鳥類觀察結果；另於大豆栽培期間，藉由紅外線自動相機架設於鳥類棲架上，比較不同高度棲架對於鳥類停留與捕食觀察的差異。結果顯示，友善試驗田區鳥類共觀察到20種15科鳥類，其中有5種屬保育類鳥類，並有6種鳥類曾在田間築巢，4種鳥類會捕食昆蟲。連續紀錄72天期間，鳥類共停留1,566次，取食共135次，兩者呈現正相關趨勢。而鳥類棲架以下層停留次數與捕食次數均較上層為多，下層停留次數最多鳥類以紅尾伯勞為主，大卷尾次之。預測結果顯示，停留約18次可拍到取食1次的畫面。此結果暗示，田間鳥類棲架以下層（3.5米）高度較適合紅尾伯勞停留與捕食昆蟲，而鱗翅目幼蟲被取食的時間明顯與蜜蜂被取食時間點不同，可能與作物生長時期有關。

關鍵字

友善栽培 ； 生態農業 ； 鳥類觀察 ； 紅尾伯勞

並列摘要

Moderate landscape abundance, combined with the cultivation of ponds, trees and shrubs and nectar plants, should be relatively helpful for the construction of farmland ecology. This study summarized the field bird observation results of the past two years and used an infrared automatic camera to be installed on the bird perch. During the cultivation period of edamame, the difference between different heights of perch for bird staying and predation observation was compared. The results showed that a total of 20 species of birds of 15 families were observed in the friendly experimental field, of which 5 species belonged to conservation birds, 6 species of birds had nested in the field, and 4 species of birds would prey on insects. During the 72-day continuous record of edamame cultivation, birds stayed 1566 times and ate a total of 135 times. The two showed a positive correlation trend. The number of stays and predations in the lower layer of the bird perch is higher than that of the upper layer. The most frequent bird stays in the lower layer are the red-tailed shrike, followed by the large curlicue. The prediction result shows that one meal can be taken after staying for about 18 times. This result suggests that the height of 3.5 meters in the field bird perch is more suitable for the red-tailed shrike to stay and prey on insects, and the time when the lepidopteran larvae are eaten is obviously different from the time when the bees are eaten, which may be related to the growth period of the crop.

並列關鍵字

Friendly cultivation ； Agroecology ； Bird observation ； Red-tailed shrike