不走尋常路－郭實獵前往中國傳教的原因再探

Taking an Unusual Path: Re-examination of Kari Gützlaff's Reason for Preaching in China

李騖哲(LI Wuzhe)

《道風：基督教文化評論》 54期 (2021/01) Pp. 127-162

摘要

郭實獵是非常重要的來華新教傳教士，也是第一位來到東亞的獨立傳教士。通過郭實獵的荷蘭語傳教日記可知，他脫離荷蘭傳道會，並最終選擇華人傳教事業的原因，並非如前人所言，是出於長久以來對中國的興趣，而是他與荷蘭傳道會的矛盾，東南亞華僑的巨大吸引力，以及郭實獵急於成功、成名的個性，三者共同作用的結果。此外，一八三○年代以前，新教傳教士在東南亞相對混亂的工作狀況，也對郭實獵日後常受人詬病的傳教風格產生了重要的影響。這些因素是我們理解郭實獵，乃至早期來華傳教士群體的關鍵線索。

關鍵字

郭實獵 ； 荷蘭傳道會 ； 東南亞華僑 ； 傳教士

並列摘要

This article takes Karl Gützlaff's diary, which he wrote (in Dutch during his time in the Dutch East Indies), as the main reference to discuss his reasons for leaving the Netherlands Missionary Society and the Dutch East Indies, and becoming a missionary in China. His decision to go to China cannot be attributed to a long-standing interest in China. Rather, it has to be traced back to his contradictions with the Netherlands Missionary Society, and the fact that Gützlaff was eager to become successful and famous. Also, overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia, who were mostly well-educated and wealthy, made a good impression on him. During his time in Southeast Asia, Gützlaff was highly influenced by members of the London Missionary Society, such as Claudius Henry Thomsen and Jacob Tomlin. Some of the early Protestant missionaries had a low social status and thus a low level of education, and acted recklessly. While conducting missionary efforts in China, their work conditions were rather chaotic. Scandals, such as the embezzlement of missionary societies' property, adultery, and reselling opium, occurred frequently. Gützlaff was also later denounced for many immoral deeds, most of which can be traced back to the influence of these missionaries. This is a key aspect to our understanding of Gützlaff, and other early missionaries in China. Moreover, the written accounts of Jahangir Khoja's upheaval in Gützlaff's diary, reveals that due to long-term obstructions to enter China, Protestant missionaries hoped for domestic disorder in China so that the blockade of the coastal areas would be lifted. In the end, being unable to enter China, Gützlaff and Jacob Tomlin decided to travel to Siam as the starting point for their missionary efforts and became the first two Protestant missionaries to arrive there.

並列關鍵字

Karl Gützlaff ； Netherlands Missionary Society ； Overseas Chinese ； Missionary