唐代小說中的長安寺院空間研究

有別於過往聚焦在「長安寺院」的研究皆屬歷史考證的領域，本文以「唐代小說中的長安寺院」為題，目的是期望補足長安寺院在文學領域研究中的缺乏，並藉由唐代小說文本，探析長安寺院展現出的形象，以及所具有的社會功能與意義。首先，從長安寺院誕生的背景與分布情形觀之，都與當時皇室、高官「捨宅為寺」的現象密不可分。「捨宅為寺」的行動讓長安寺院分布與上層階級的居住特性相符，都集中於城內中部；此外，這也讓長安寺院散發強烈的政治氛圍與私人宅邸的性質，使得政教融涉、園林性質與作為書畫鑑賞空間等特色，皆可見於長安寺院。其次，進入唐代小說內，透過寺院空間與時人的互動關係，可以歸納出長安寺院主要具備活動、居止、收藏及庇護四種功能。「活動」除了包含與佛教相關的宗教活動外，還有占卜預言、遊賞休憩兩類；至於「居止」功能則說明寺院能提供來到長安的學子士人一個暫時居住或停留之所。最後，「收藏」及「庇護」皆來自長安寺院空間可供儲存物品、保護生命安全的的特質，並讓讀者可以從中觀察到寺院在盛世與亂世之時，分別扮演什麼樣的角色。綜而言之，本文以唐代小說為對象，探析長安寺院在小說作品中展現的空間特色和功能，以及長安寺院空間與時人互動的樣貌。

關鍵字

唐代小說；長安；寺院空間

並列摘要

Existing studies on Chang’an temples have mostly been categorized as historical research, whereas this study—entitled “Chang’an Temples Portrayed in Tang Dynasty Novels”—aimed to make up for the lack of literary research on Chang’an temples. The text of Tang dynasty novels was used in this study to explore the images displayed by the Chang’an temples as well as their social function and meaning. First, the origins and geographical distribution of Chang’an temples were found to closely reflect the phenomenon of the imperial family and high-ranking officials dedicating their residences as temples. The gesture of dedicating residences as temples rendered the geographical distribution of Chang’an temples compliant with the then residential characteristics of the upper class. That is, the majority of both temples and upper-class residences were located in the center of downtown Chang’an during the Tang dynasty. Chang’an temples thus exuded a strong political vibe and characteristics of private residences, contributed to the integration and exchange between politics and religion, manifested garden aesthetics, and constituted a space for appreciating calligraphy and paintings. Second, according to description of Tang dynasty novels about the interaction between the space of Chang’an temples and people during the Tang dynasty, Chang’an temples have four major functions: holding activities, providing accommodation, accommodating collections, and providing shelter. In addition to religious activities of Buddhism, other activities held at Chang’an temples include divination, prophecy, and entertainment. In terms of the accommodation function, temples served as temporary residences or resting spots for scholars and literati visiting Chang’an. Finally, Chang’an temples had enough space for storage (i.e., the function of accommodating collections) and safeguarding people’s lives (i.e., the function of providing shelter). These novels enable readers to observe the roles Chang’an temples played during the prosperous and turbulent times of the Tang dynasty. In summary, this study explored the spatial characteristics and functions of Chang’an temples as well as the interaction between the space of Chang’an temples and people during the Tang dynasty by reviewing the Tang dynasty novels.