含有不良品、允許欠撥且可延遲付款的整合零售商與製造商之最適生產與訂購策略

Optimal Production and Ordering Policies for Integrated Retailers and Manufacturers Involve Defective Items with Allowable Shortage under Permissible Delay in Payments

黃炳豪(Ping-Hao Huang)

指導教授 ： 歐陽良裕

淡江大學/管理學院/管理科學研究所碩士班/碩士(2007年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2007.00334

摘要

全球化的時代來臨，供應鏈上的廠商透過合作以增加本身的競爭力。供應鏈系統管理最重要的是整合買賣雙方，有效降低成本與增加利潤，以達到雙贏的成果。由於生產製程的不完備、人為的疏忽或搬運過程的缺失，導致零售商收到的貨品中含有不良品。若將不良品販賣給消費者，則消費者會抱怨而要求退貨或補償，對企業的信譽影響甚鉅。另一方面，零售商為了減少存貨成本，而訂購較少的貨品，導致缺貨的情形發生，使得部分消費者可能轉向其他廠商購買貨品，因此，適當的存貨量對於企業的經營更顯重要。再者，製造商為了提高銷售量或減少庫存的數量，會提供零售商一段延遲付款的期限，且此付款期限時間長度與零售商的訂購量有關，即訂購量越多，可享受越長的付款期限之優惠，以吸引零售商訂購較多的貨品。
　　本文主要推廣和家慧 (2005)的整合型存貨模式，考慮在可延遲付款的情形下，建立整合零售商與製造商的存貨模式。本文包含四個章節，第一章說明本文研究動機與目的、文獻探討及研究架構。第二章探討在零售商收到的貨品中含有不良品，允許缺貨且部分欠撥，而製造商提供給零售商一段延遲付款的期限下，建立整合零售商與製造商的存貨模型。第三章延續第二章的研究，在允許欠撥，不良率為隨機變數，且延遲付款期限的長度和零售商訂購數量有關的情況下，建立整合零售商與製造商的存貨模式。對於本研究所建立的存貨模式，我們均利用數學分析的方法得到最適解存在的充要條件，並分別舉例說明求解的過程和做敏感度分析，以瞭解參數值變動對於最適解所造成的影響。最後，第四章提出本文的結論以及未來研究的方向。

關鍵字

整合存貨模式 ； 不良品 ； 缺貨 ； 延遲付款

並列摘要

Under the tendency of globalization, the businesses of supply chain cooperate to promote competitiveness. The most important things for management in supply chain are integrating manufacturers and retailers, reducing costs and increasing revenues efficiently. Due to the imperfection of supplier’s production processes, artificial negligence and the fault of carried process, the retailer receives items which included defective items. If the retailer sells the defective items to consumers, it would cause the consumers to complain and to request to return or indemnify, which is all-important to enterprise’s business. In addition, in order to decrease the inventory cost, the retailer will order fewer items. It will result in shortage and the partial consumers will probably buy what they need from other retailers. Therefore, it is important to decide the inventory quantity for enterprise’s business. Furthermore, the manufacturer often offers the retailer a trade credit to improve sales and reduce stocks. If the retailer orders with more quantity, the manufacturer will offer longer due date of delay payment.
This thesis extends the integrated inventory models of Ho (2005) and establishes integrated retailer and manufacturer inventory models under permissible delay in payments. Chapter 1 involves the motivation and objective of this thesis. In this chapter, literature review about relative research papers is also included. Chapter 2 considers the defective items in retailer’s arrival order lot with partial backlogging. We establish an integrated retailer and manufacturer inventory model under permissible delay in payments. In Chapter 3, we extend model for Chapter 2, in which shortage is allowable and defective rate is considered as a random variable. We set up an integrated retailers and manufacturers inventory model under the effect of an order-size dependent trade credit. The necessary and sufficient conditions of the existence and uniqueness of the optimal solutions for the two models are shown. Numerical examples are provided to show the solution procedure and the sensitivity analyses of the optimal solution with respect to parameters of the systems are also carried out for understanding how parameter changes influence the optimal solution. Finally, Chapter 4 provides the conclusion of this thesis and future research directions are proposed.

並列關鍵字

Integrated Inventory Model ； Defective Items ； Shortage ； Permissible Delay in Payments

參考文獻

[1] 和家慧 (2005)。可控制前置時間之二階整合存貨模型的研究。私立淡江大學管理科學研究所博士學位論文。

[1] Abad, P. L. (1988). Determining optimal selling price and lot size when the supplier offers all-unit quantity discount. Decision Sciences, 19(3), 622-634.

[2] Aggarwal, S. P. and Jaggi, C. K. (1995). Ordering policies of deteriorating items under permissible delay in payments. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 46(5), 658-662.

[3] Banerjee, A. (1986). A joint economic-lot-size model for purchaser and vendor. Decision Sciences, 17(3), 292-311.

[4] Beton, W. C. and Park, S. (1996). A classification of literature on determining the lot size under quantity discounts. European Journal of Operational Research, 92(2), 219-238.