日本中等教育的社團活動之研究

本研究以日本中等教育的社團活動為對象，參照文部科學省的學習指導要領解說書以及各地區教育委員會的指導方針，採用文獻分析法進行探討。此外，統整了日本社團活動相關的書籍、研究論文和過往研究的相關內容。最後，對在台的日本留學生進行訪談調查，重新確認日本社團活動的現狀與課題。本研究的結果發現總結為以下五點。 1.社團活動在教育上的定位，雖然在教育課程之外，但是作為學校教育的一部分，需要追求與教育課程的關聯性，也期望培養學校教育所需要的能力，是學生自主、自發參加的活動。 2.社團活動的類型主要分為體育類與文化類，體育類是男生參加人數較多，而文化類則是女生參加人數較多。另外，在大多數強權學校的體育社團中，活動天數與時間都超過了指導方針規定的上限。 3.社團活動的意義與教育效果很多，不僅能提高學生的體能及技術，也對學生間人際關係的形成有著極大的貢獻。此外，從學生的立場來看，社團活動的課題有強制入部、體罰與霸凌、成績報告書這三點。 4.根據對在台日本留學生的訪談調查結果，全部人在國中時都因全員加入制度而加入社團。但是升上了高中後，因為沒有強制加入以及想要多一些自己的時間等原因，因此有了回家部以及幽靈社員等等狀況出現。 5.與其說在社團活動中是讓體能提升與培養興趣，學習到最多的其實是人際關係。儘管如此，特別是在體育社團中，也有許多人會煩惱社團活動中的人際關係，其中與前輩之間的上下關係是最大的煩惱。

關鍵字

社團活動；學習指導要領；學校教育；人際關係；全員加入制度

並列摘要

This study focuses on the club activities in junior high schools and senior high schools in Japan. Based on the general guidelines of Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology and the guidelines of the education committee in different areas, the document analysis method is adopted. In addition, the study refers and concludes books, papers, and past research related to Japanese club activities. Finally, we interviewed Japanese international students in Taiwan to reconfirm the current situation and problems of Japanese club activities. The five results of this study are summarized in the following. 1.Although the club activities are excluded from the educational curriculum, the club activities are necessary for students, as a part of school education, to review what they learned from their courses and develop their abilities that the school education aims at the club activities are designed to motivate students to participate. 2.The club activities are mainly sports and culture. The sports club activities have more male participants, while the cultural club activities have more female participants. In addition, the time for the club activities of most prestigious schools exceeds the limit of the general guidelines. 3.There are many significances and educational benefits of the club activities, which not only improve students' physical fitness and skills, but also make a great contribution to the formation of social interactions among students. In addition, for the students, the problems of the club activities include compulsory admission, corporal punishment and bullying, and grade reports. 4.According to the survey results of interviews with Japanese students studying in Taiwan, all of them joined the club activities when they were in middle school because of their school rules. However, after entering high school, there were situations such as homecoming clubs and ghost members due to the reasons such as not being forced to join and wanting to have their own time. 5.Rather than improving physical fitness and cultivating interest in the club activities, what they learn the most is social interactions. However, especially in sports clubs, there are many students who worry about social interactions in club activities, which troubles most is getting along with the seniors.