透水性舖面之環境效益評估-以北安路為例

The Evaluation of Environmental Benefits for Permeable Pavement-An Example in Bbi-an Rd

廖士煒(shih-wei Liau)

指導教授 ： 鄭光炎

國立臺北科技大學/工程學院/土木與防災研究所/碩士(2005年)

摘要

近數十年來，由於工商業快速發展，不論是城際間或是都市中之交通運輸，均大量且迅速地成長，市區道路及周邊人行道面積在都市化過程中佔相當的比例。但大都會地區之道路及人行道舖面設計時一般皆以堅固耐用為主要考量，造成與地下土壤完全隔絕的不透水層。
不透水面積的增加，造成地表逕流流出率增加，形成較大洪鋒流量，縮短洪水到達時間，此效應反應於都市化結果；再者亦阻礙地表降溫能力，減緩散熱速度，使得都市熱島效應日趨嚴重，導致空氣品質惡化、氣候不穩定、能源耗用增加及生活品質降低等問題，間接影響人類生活環境。有鑒於此，如何有效增加都市透水面積儼然成為當前重要課題之一，而透水性舖面之廣泛舖築正是解決此問題有效方法之一。
但綜觀國內有關透水性舖面相關課題，爭議性頗多，歸納問題點主要在於大多數人表示無法確信其具有之效益。緣此，本研究即針對透水性舖面環境效益水文與熱能兩項主題進行探討，進行為期半年現地長期監測，期間並配合現地與室內試驗以得知透水性舖面對於暴雨逕流量抑制、地下水挹注之成效，以及瞭解透水性舖面對於地表面溫度下降、溫度下降持續時間之成效。
研究於水文方面成果，對於暴雨逕流量抑制、地下水挹注具有相當成效，尤其當雨場降雨量小於35.00mm時，入滲效益多可達至80%以上；而在熱能方面，當室外氣溫高達30℃時，降低地表面溫度能力可達8℃，降溫效果可持續一天。

關鍵字

透水性舖面 ； 地表逕流 ； 入滲 ； 熱島效應

並列摘要

For the recent decades, due to the fast development of the industry and commerce, both the metropolitan and the intercity transportation are growing even faster. In the process of urbanization, urban roads and peripheral sidewalk areas take up great proportion. For the urban roads and sidewalks are generally designed in consideration of solidity and firmness, the impermeable stratum is totally isolated from the underground soil.
The increasing of the water-proof area causes the flowing out rate of surface runoff and the bigger peak flow to rise; shortens the flood arrival time, and such effects react on the urbanization result. Furthermore, such as the impediment of the surface temperature decreasing ability, the slowdown of the heat dissipation speed, the problem of the heat island effect, the aggravation of the air quality, unstable climate, increase of the energy consume and the reduction of living quality influence the human living environment as well. Therefore, how to effectively increase the permeable areas in urban locations has become one of the most important issues, and the widespread adoption of permeable pavement is one of the most effective methods to resolve this problem.
There are quite many disputes that are about the permeable pavement in Taiwan. To induce these questions mainly to lie in most people are unable to believe firmly the benefit of the permeable pavement. Hence, this research carries on the discussion to the benefit of the hydrology and the heat energy of the permeable pavement. The methods are for the time half year location long-term monitor, and to coordinate the in-situ and the laboratory tests to know the permeable pavement to restrain the runoff of the rainstorm and ladle into the effects of the groundwater and the results of the dropping and the duration of the dropping of the ground temperature.
It shows that when the rainfall is smaller than 35 mm, the filtration of the permeable pavement reaches more than 80 % as for Hydrology, and as for the heat energy, when the outdoor temperature is more than 30℃, the ability to cool down the temperature reaches 8℃ and lasts a whole day.

並列關鍵字

permeable pavement ； surface runoff ； infiltration ； heat island effect

參考文獻

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[19] 林憲德、李德河（1998），基地保水性能之研究，內政部建築研究所，台北。

[1] Hogland(1990), The Pollutant Build-Up in Pervious Road Constructions, 5th International Conference on Urban Storm Drainage.

[4] Pratt(1990), Porous Pavements for Flow and Pollutant Discharge Control, 5th International Conference on Urban Storm Drainage.

[5] Raimbault(1990), an Extension of the Possibilities of Porous Pavements, 5th International Conference on Urban Storm Drainage.