水性奈米木器塗料之性質研究

本研究以自行研發之電弧奈米流體合成系統製備出水性二氧化鈦奈米木器塗料，以及商用奈米粒子與水性樹脂之混合塗料，並將此奈米塗料塗佈於中密度纖維板上，以檢測木器塗膜之性質。此電弧奈米流體合成系統以水性塗料作為介電液，正負電極使用純鈦棒；當電極受高溫電弧作用下瞬間汽化，此汽化之鈦金屬隨即受低溫介電液之冷卻作用迅速冷凝成奈米級微粒，形成懸浮性良好之鈦奈米塗料，經二週靜置後即可轉變成二氧化鈦奈米塗料。接著將所製備出之二氧化鈦奈米塗料塗佈至中密度纖維板，以比較塗膜在加入二氧化鈦奈米顆粒後與原有之木器塗料之差異性。經實驗結果顯示，二氧化鈦奈米顆粒之粒徑平均為20 nm，界面電位值可達60 mV，奈米粒子均勻分散於水性塗料中，含有奈米二氧化鈦之塗膜明度可由49.7提升至69.7增加40 %，以自製奈米二氧化鈦塗料相較於商用奈米塗料，明度有顯著的提升，塗膜視覺效果更為明亮；自製奈米二氧化鈦塗料比商用二氧化鈦塗料之木器塗膜硬度有顯著的提升；而商用氧化鋅塗料比商用三氧化二鋁塗料之硬度提升趨勢較大，在機械性質方面，對於木器提供良好的防護效果；色差性、光澤度以商用二氧化鈦、商用氧化鋅、商用三氧化二鋁和自製二氧化鈦之奈米木器塗料相較下並無多大差異性；以自製奈米二氧化鈦塗料相較於商用塗料之塗膜耐溶劑性有顯著的提升；商用奈米三氧化二鋁塗料比商用奈米氧化鋅塗料，耐溶劑性提升的幅度稍為高一點，可以得知自製奈米二氧化鈦塗料之塗膜抗溶劑之性質佳。以自製奈米二氧化鈦塗料相較於商用塗料，彩度下降的趨勢較為平緩；商用氧化鋅塗料比商用三氧化二鋁塗料下降彩度幅度較小，不論自製奈米二氧化鈦塗料和三種商用塗料，色相角都很接近無添加奈米粉體之色相角度，色相無顯著差異性，塗膜顏色對人眼視覺影響有偏往中性色的趨勢；當所有測試之奈米粉體在含量1 %時，所有的奈米塗料都達到5B級，表示塗膜附著性佳，就是塗層與木材表面之間的結合力(附著力)和塗層內部分子之間的結合力(內聚力)優良。根據測試結果，奈米塗料受切割破壞時，塗膜提供附著力、分子內聚力，顯示良好的附著效用。

關鍵字

木器塗料；奈米顆粒；明度；硬度；附著性；耐溶劑性

並列摘要

This study self-develops submerged-arc nanofluid synthesis system (SANSS) to prepare for water-based TiO2 woodenware nano-coating and applies the nano-coating to medium density fiberboard (MDF) to measure the characteristics of the coatings on the woodenwares. For SANSS, water-based coating serves as dielectric fluid and anode and cathode electrodes use titanium rod. Electrodes soon vaporize under the influence of high-temperature plasma arc and instantly condense into nanoparticles under the cool effect of low-temperature dielectric fluid to form Ti nano-coating of good suspension. Placed for two weeks, Ti nano-coating has transformed into TiO2 nano-coating. TiO2 nano-coating is applied to MDF to compare the coating of added into and without TiO2 nanoparticles. Results show that TiO2 nanoparticles with average particle size of 20 nm and belong to the structure of anatase phase. For the test of coating properties, compared with the coatings with and without TiO2 nanoparticles, the hardness can increase from 30.7 HSD to 41.5 HSD, elevating 42%. The brightness enhances from 49.7 to 69.7, increasing 40%. The gloss of the coating decreased gradually with the increase in the nanoparticles content. Solvent resistance heightens from 41.4 % to 51.9 %, increasing 10.5 %. In addition, adhesion also elevates from 1B to 5B.

並列關鍵字

woodenware coating ； nanometer particles ； lightness ； hardness ； adhesion ； solvent resistance

參考文獻

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水性奈米木器塗料之性質研究

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