全球運籌下期貨式物品策略性採購之研究

The Study of Strategic Purchasing Futures Base Products in Global Logistics Management

鍾宜均(Yi-Jun Zhong)

指導教授 ： 陳銘崑

國立臺北科技大學/管理學院/商業自動化與管理研究所/碩士(2009年)

摘要

在全球運籌下，營運總部透過集中式採購，藉由大量訂購提高採購之議價力，以取得較低之採購成本。但透過大量採購取得成本優勢之概念，已不足以應用在所有採購行為。本研究主要在探討，在全球運籌下營運總部之採購活動中，部分物品採購可以透過策略性採購之選擇，使企業獲得較佳之採購績效，並透過產業觀察及文獻歸納提出該原物料屬期貨式物品，其特性如下，1其採購標的物屬大量採購；2採購標的物的價格變動都將導致獲利的大幅波動；3採購標的物受到外部環境因素的變動而產生價格波動；4需要進行策略性的思考；5採購標的物為國際性採購，因此受國際環境局勢影響甚深；6採購標的物的交付時間具有時間上的延遲性且交付前置時間較長。而該物料之採購行為受到企業內、外部因子之影響，且在不同權衡情境下，會對企業採購績效產生不同影響。
因此本研究透過系統動態建構全球運籌下期貨式品之策略性採購模式，模式中探討採購決策因子:生產規劃量、供應商交期及採購量，在與供應商關係及預期原料價格二因子構成情境下對總成本及服務水準之影響。並以紡織業化纖端尼龍粒製造業者進行模擬驗證，以使模式更貼近現實運作情形。模擬結果得出在不同情境下企業追求不同目標時，何種採購決策較佳。其結果並顯示不論在何種採購情境下，生產規劃量為影響全球運籌下期貨式物品採購之重要因子，以生產規劃量為主要決策因子並配合相關採購決策如:供應商交期及採購量之調整，使得在不同情境下，採購人員於全球運籌下採購期貨式物品時能有一參考依據。

關鍵字

全球運籌管理策略性採購 ； 系統動態學

並列摘要

In the global logistics, the headquarters have been centralization of procurement, the large number of purchasing can increase the bargaining power and obtain lower cost of procurement. However, the concept of purchasing large number to obtain the cost advantages has not been sufficient to conduct all procurement. The purpose of this research is to explore the procurement activities of the headquarters, detecting some materials through the strategic purchasing can get a better performance of the procurement. Through investigation on industry and reference conclude that the raw materials is futures base products, their characteristics are as follows, 1.which is with a large number of procurement；2.the price changes would lead to large fluctuation in earnings；3.external changes in environmental factors arising from price fluctuations；4.need for strategic trade-off；5. Which is international procurement, therefore is impacted by the international environment very well.；6. Which is with the delivery time delayed and a longer delivery lead time. And the enterprises purchasing the materials are impacted by some internal and external factors of the enterprise. In different trade-off scenarios, will result in the difference performance of purchasing.
Therefore this study through the construction of the system dynamic model of futures base products in the global logistics of strategic purchasing, to explore the patterns of purchasing decision factors: supplier delivery, quantity of production planning, and purchasing quantity. In the combination of two system parameters: relationships with suppliers and expected raw material prices, the two performance parameters: total cost and the level of service can be effected on. And simulate testing the nylon fiber manufacturing to carry out the model operation closer to the reality situation. The simulation results obtained that in different scenarios when the enterprises pursue different objectives, what better purchasing decisions are. The results show that regardless of scenarios the production planning is the important factor of purchasing the futures base products in the global logistics. This research suggests that using quantity of production planning as the main factor in decision-making and coordinates the related decision-making of purchasing: the supplier delivery and purchasing quantity. Expect that the research conclusion can make the procurement staff can have a reference when they purchasing futures base products in global logistics among different scenarios of purchasing.

並列關鍵字

Global Logistics Management ； Strategy Purchase ； System Dynamics

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