心智作業環境下人員配置分析與評估技術
之發展與應用—以進步型核電廠主控制室為例

核電廠主控室內儀控設備的自動化使得人機互動模式產生了極大的改變，亦間接地促使運轉員人員配置與作業型態上的調整與改變，運轉團隊人員的數量減少，作業型態以監控、決策等心智作業為主，但這些轉變皆必需以維持核能電廠安全運轉為前提，有鑑於此，本研究的主要目的即是發展一套適用於心智作業之作業分析法，以及從此分析法延伸出一人員配置評估技術，心智作業分析法的發展主要是以CPM-GOMS為主，再加上多重資源理論的觀點來提高作業內容的詳細程度，而人員配置評估技術則是利用專案管理中重要路徑法的概念，讓人力能安排在適當的作業上以增加人員績效，此外，本研究透過受試者內實驗設計進行資料蒐集，實驗的主要目的在於驗證所提出之心智作業分析與人員配置評估技術之有效性。資料分析結果顯示，透過心智作業分析法能更加正確與詳細地呈現心智作業的內容，而利用人員配置評估技術所規劃後的人員配置能比規劃前的人員配置有較佳的主觀及客觀地作業績效，本研究預期所提出之人員配置分析與評估技術可應用於其他數位儀控作業環境的人員配置，甚至延伸至自動化人機介面的設計，最後，將針對研究過程中的限制與缺點進行討論，並提出未來研究建議以使相關之心智作業分析與人員配置評估方法更加完善。

關鍵字

主控制室；核能電廠；人員配置；心智作業

並列摘要

With the technical development of computer hardware and software, the human-machine system of the main control room in the nuclear power plant change from analog to digital and lead into more automation than manual operation. Even though the automatic systems have decreased the need for manual operation, the amount of information that needs to be monitored by operators has not been decreased. The operators should strive to monitor the information so that handle the condition of nuclear power plant at any time. Compare with the conventional main control room, the role of the advanced main control room operators is significantly changed, but the responsibility for them is still unchanged. The key goals of staffing and qualifications review element are to ensure that the right numbers of people with the appropriate skills and abilities are available to support plant operations and events. Therefore, this study constructed a staffing evaluation technique based on a mental task analysis that was developed former in the study. Then, two within-subjects experiment designs have been conducted to examine the validity of the mental task analysis and staffing evaluation technique respectively. Thirty undergraduate and graduate students of Industrial and Systems Engineering at Chung Yuan Christian University were paid to participate in each experiment. The results indicated the validity of these two methods can be accepted. Finally, the implications for managerial practice on the findings and the limitations of this study were discussed.

並列關鍵字

main control room ； nuclear power plant ； staffing level ； mental task

參考文獻

Ainsworth, L. and Pendlebury, G. (1995). Task-based contributions to the design and assessment of the man-machine interfaces for a pressurized water reactor. Ergonomics, 38(3), 462-474.

Brookhuis, K. A., De Vries, G. and De Waard, D. (1991). The effects of mobile telephoning on driving performance. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 23, 309-316.

Chuang, C. F. and Chou, H. P. (2006). Investigation on the Design of Human-System Interface for Advanced Nuclear Plant Control Room. 5th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Plant Instrumentation Control and Human Machine Interface Technology (NPIC and HMIT 2006). Albuquerque, NM., USA.

Diaper, D. (1989). Task Analysis for Human-Computer Interaction. Ellis Horwood, Chichester, U.K.

Dougherty Jr. E. M. and Fragola, J. R. (1988). Human reliability analysis: A systems engineering approach with nuclear power plant applications. New York: Wiley.

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心智作業環境下人員配置分析與評估技術之發展與應用—以進步型核電廠主控制室為例

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