大專甲組運動員知覺教練賦權動機氣候、依附風格與自主動機對運動員主動行為之預測

主動行為已被發現可為個體與組織帶來益處，而在大專階段主動行為的展現與否是影響運動員運動表現與生涯發展的重要關鍵。本研究目的為了解大專甲組運動員知覺教練賦權動機氣候、教練選手依附風格與自主動機對運動員主動行為之預測情形、自主動機的中介效果以及知覺教練賦權動機氣候對自主動機在教練選手依附風格預測主動行為中介效果之調節情形。本研究招募臺灣兩所北部大學之大專甲組運動員為研究對象，平均年齡 19.72 1.42歲，平均參與專項 9.58 2.79 年。本研究使用運動員主動行為量表、知覺教練賦權動機量表、教練選手依附量表與運動參與量表進行施測，共回收 214 份問卷，回收率 87% 研究結果發現一、運動員主動行為與知覺教練賦權動機氣候和自主動機呈正相關，與教練 -選手逃避依附和教練 -選手焦慮依附呈負相關；教練 -選手逃避依附與自主動機間無顯著相關；二、自主動機可部分中介知覺教練賦權動機氣候預測運動員主動行為、完全中介教練 -選手焦慮依附預測運動員主動行為；三、在知覺高賦權動機氣候環境下，自主動機在教練 -選手焦慮依附預測運動員主動行為之中介效果會受到知覺教練賦權動機氣候之調節。根據本研究結果建議教練創造賦權動機氣候之環境，可促進大專甲組運動員之自主動機與主動行為。

關鍵字

調節式中介；自我決定理論；基本心理需求；焦慮依附風格；逃避依附風格

並列摘要

Proactive behavior can bring benefits to individuals and organizations, and it is also important to the sport performances and development of sport careers in college student-athletes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prediction of empowering climate and coach-athlete attachment styles on college student-athletes’ proactive behavior. In addition, the mediation role of autonomous motivation and the moderated mediation effect of empowering climate were also examined. Two hundred and fourteen college student-athletes were recruited from two universities in northern Taiwan, with a recovery rate of 87%. The results showed that: First, the athlete's proactive behavior was positively correlated with the empowering climate and autonomous motivation, and negatively related to the coach-athlete’s avoidant attachment style and coach-athlete’s anxious attachment style. Second, autonomous motivation could partially mediate the relationship between empowering climate and proactive behavior and fully mediate the relationship between coach-athlete anxious attachment style and athlete’s proactive behavior. Third, results from moderated mediation model testing verified the contextual effect of empowering climate. That is, the direct effect of autonomous motivation in the relationship of coach-athlete anxious attachment and athlete’s proactive behaviors was stronger among athletes who perceived high empowering climate created by coach.

並列關鍵字

Moderated mediation ； Basic psychological needs ； Self-determination theory ； Anxious attachment styles ； Avoidant attachment styles

參考文獻

Appleton, P. R., & Duda, J. L. (2016). Examining the interactive effects of coach-created empowering and disempowering climate dimensions on athletes’ health and functioning. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 26, 61-70.

林季燕、季力康 (2003)。運動動機量表之編製 —信度與效度分析。臺灣運動心理學