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  • 學位論文

台灣海岸濕地保育與開發利用之管理架構研擬

PROPOSITION OF MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK FOR CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF COASTAL WETLANDS IN TAIWAN

指導教授 : 李育明
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摘要


海岸濕地是指伴隨海岸潮汐運動而存在的濕地生態體系,位於陸地和水域的交匯處,不僅是動植物重要的棲息地,且具有防洪護岸、補充地下水、淨化水質、調節氣候、教育觀光等重要功能與價值,對人類生活有重大貢獻。台灣西海岸連接平緩的大陸棚,形成河口、潟湖、沙洲、沼澤和海埔地等海岸濕地,其管理上應符合國際上甚為重要之拉姆薩濕地公約(Ramsar Convention)之精神,重視濕地具備之生態、經濟、文化、科學與遊憩功能,並且了解濕地一旦消失便難再復原之特性。 我國於濕地管理方面已依據「國家重要濕地保育計畫」公告82處國家重要濕地,其中屬海岸濕地者共計32處。目前無專法管理上述國家重要濕地,現行法規如文化資產保存法、野生動物保育法、漁業法等,只能對於濕地達到間接管理保育之功效,但終究皆非以保育濕地為主要目的。目前行政院已將濕地法草案送交立法院進行審查,經立法通過後,尚需海岸法及國土計畫法等相關法規之配合,屆時我國海岸濕地之整體管理架構始稱完整。 本研究藉由資料蒐集法及文獻回顧法,探討上述海岸濕地管理架構及相關議題,以了解海岸濕地在管理上所面對的課題,包括一般性課題,如海平面上升、海岸侵蝕、棲地惡化等;人為開發衍生之管理課題,如海埔新生地、廢棄物掩埋、海岸養殖等;並就海岸濕地開發個案進行研究,如國光石化開發案、彰化濱海工業區、雲林離島式基礎工業區及大潭濱海特定工業區。再依據上述課題彙整現階段海岸濕地之管理架構,分別以保育用途、觀光用途及開發利用等三個利用方式進行歸納,提出各項利用方式之建議方案與策略,並對相關議題進行比較與討論,俾以補強現階段海岸濕地管理上不足之處,並可做為未來政策推行之參考。

並列摘要


Coastal wetland is a kind of ecosystem which accompanies tidal movements along the coast and is located at the border between land and waters. It is not only an important habitat for plants and animals, but also valuable and provided with important functions, such as flood control embankments, groundwater recharge, water purification, climate regulation, education and tourism, etc; which contributes to the lives of human being a lot. The coasts of western Taiwan connected with gentle continental shelf and formed various kinds of coastal wetlands, such as estuaries, lagoons, sandbanks, marshes and tidal flats. In general, the management of these wetlands should adopt the spirit of principles and guidelines which regulated in the Convention of Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitats (so-called Ramsar Convention), thinking highly of its ecological, economic, cultural, scientific and recreational functions, and also realize that they are unrecoverable. According to “The Project of Conservation of Taiwan's Important Wetlands”, the government of Taiwan has announced 82 important wetlands (including 32 coastal wetlands). However, there’s no exclusive legislation for those important wetlands, while laws currently in effect, such as “Cultural Heritage Preservation Act”, “Wildlife Conservation Act” and “Fisheries Act”, could only achieve little for the conservation of wetlands. The Executive Yuan has deliverd the Wetland Bill to the Legislative Yuan for discussion and it still needs operating in coordination with other laws to form a complete set. By using data collection method and literature review, the study analyzed the management framework and related issues which mentioned above, including general topics and anthropogenic development; we also analyzed some case studies in location of Changhua, Yulin and Taoyuan. Furthermore, we coordinated the management framework into three main use patterns: conservation, tourism and development, in order to redeem the insufficiency currently.

參考文獻


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