組織的調適性行為對產品生命週期管理系統導入的影響

Organizational Adaptation for Implementing Product Life Management Systems

龔高輝(Kao-Hui Kung)

指導教授 ： 吳傳春

義守大學/電機資訊學院/資訊工程學系/博士(2015年)

https://doi.org/10.6343/ISU.2015.00019

摘要

產品生命週期管理(Product Lifecycle Management，PLM)是企業因應協同產品商務(Collaborative Product Commerce，CPC )所導入使用的資訊管理工具。企業在協同環境下如何發揮系統功能，達到產品多樣化、低成本、高品質及短交期的要求，並使整個研發控管過程中，從「點狀」串連成「線」至「面」，有效的控管流程、作業標準、並累積從產品設計至出貨的生產、製造、服務經驗知識。
OEM產業為台灣最具代表性之產業模式，本研究發現台灣產業應用PLM軟體系統支援研發設計過程中，其調適化程度依科技、組織、群體三者的互動情況與專用性而有所不同，調適過程中因科技的適用性而產生差異化事件，企業解決差異化事件的程度則是決定企業運用資訊系統獲得優勢之關鍵性因素。為了使企業經由導入PLM而更具有競爭優勢，企業的管理者必須更深刻瞭解資訊科技對企業可能帶來的改變及改變的可能原因，以便更精確地掌握PLM所帶來的組織與管理創新的優勢。
企業選擇資訊科技導入的過程中，隨著使用者應用這些資訊科技都會找到一些導入前未曾發現的管理問題，這也就是企業引進資訊科技的主要收穫–(檢視企業內部流程)，當導入時一旦出現問題，則需要進行科技與組織、群體之間的調適(adaptation)，過程中是否調適得宜，則是決定資訊科技成功或失敗的關鍵依據。
本研究建議的整合模式(integrated model)包含科技調適(Technology Adaptation)與管理創新理論(Management Innovation Theories)，足以解釋個案中科技調適現象。在導入過程中所產生的差異事件，係系統規範與使用者詮釋(user interpretation)之間有落差所致。系統的調適過程中高階管理者所主導的企業再造工程即是針對此落差而進行的調整。差異事件的調整是針對知識使用行為document access, knowledge capture, knowledge sharing and decision making方面的使用行的調整，差異事件調整後產品在研發過程中所需的協同整合作業才得以實現。系統導入從企業再造工程到協同整合作業，管理者所扮演的角色至關重要。在此方面管理創新理論提供很好的參考面向。因此系統的導入過程中，組織的策略與執行層面要有相當好的整合，才能達成企業使用資訊科技系統的導入目標。

關鍵字

調適性結構化 ； 組織管理創新 ； 企業資訊系統 ； 產品生命週期管理 ； 協同設計

並列摘要

Product lifecycle management (PLM) is the information management tool implemented that can be utilized by enterprises in the environment of collaborative product commerce (CPC). Under such environment, enterprises need to deal with the question of how to maximize system functions in order to diversify product ranges, reduce costs, enhance product quality, and fasten delivery. Furthermore, it is necessary to consider how to make “spots” become “a line” and even to “the plane” in the sense of an effective control network that is involved with standardized operations, and the accumulation of the experiences of production, manufacturing, and services rang from product designs to delivery. During the implementation of an information technology (IT) in enterprises, it is frequently faced unforeseen managerial problems when users start to use the IT. Ironically, this is where the major benefit of IT comes in place in the enterprise – auditing internal processes. Once the problem is identified, it is necessary to ensure an adaptation existed among the technology, the organization, and groups. The appropriateness of such adaptation even plays a critical role in successful information systems (IS) implementation projects. The original equipment manufacturer (OEM) industry has been the most representative industrial model in Taiwan. This research found that during the use of PLM software system in Taiwan for supporting research and development (R&D) projects, the degree of adaptation depends on the interaction condition and appropriation among the technology, the organization, and groups. In the process of adaptation, discrepant events are resulted from the appropriation of technology. The degree of solving these discrepant events is a critical factor in determining whether the enterprise is able to gain competitive advantages from using an IT. Therefore, to gain more competitive advantages from adopting PLM, the management in enterprises must understand clearly what changes the new IT will initiate and possible reasons in order to unlock the potential of the IT.
This study suggested an integrated model of adaptive structuration theory (AST) and management innovation to investigate the impact of technology appropriation on the user adaptation behavior towards the PLM system. The research results indicate that there are three contextual factors (technology, group structure, and organizational environment) affecting the use of PLM. Through interactions between multilevel users, modification of system features and process flows leads to the achievement of organizational objectives. The organizational adaptation process is based in part on the alignment of internal capabilities and contextual contingencies. The task of the management is to develop capabilities or distinctive competences based on the advantage of the deployed PLM system. Based on this visionary perspective, it is obvious that the management should provide momentum for organization change and thus sustain the implementation benefits of PLM system.

並列關鍵字

Technology adaptation ； organizational change innovation ； enterprise information system ； product lifecycle management ； collaborative design

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