電漿處理與酸解改質對生物可分解 聚乙烯醇/澱粉摻合物物性影響之研究

Effects of Plasma Treatment and Acid Hydrolysis Modification on the Properties of Biodegradable Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Starch Blends

張榮晃(Rong-Huang Jhang)

指導教授 ： 黃繼遠

大同大學/工程學院/材料工程學系所/碩士(2007年)

摘要

本研究主要以聚乙烯醇與澱粉為製備生物分解性塑膠之主要原料。利用單螺桿擠押機加工，探討配合電漿處理與酸解改質對摻合物的機械性質（最大應力、最大應變）與物理特性（融熔流動指數、水接觸角）和堆肥化生物分解性之影響。並利用掃瞄式電子顯微鏡（SEM）觀察樣品表面結構與物性之間的關連。
在本實驗中，澱粉經由不同濃度(0.25M, 0.5M, 1.0M and 1.5M)的酸(醋酸、酒石酸、檸檬酸)進行酸解。當澱粉經由檸檬酸濃度1.5M溶液酸解過後，所製作成的摻合物其融熔流動指數可由0.08 (g/10min)提高至4.54(g/10min)。 而經過檸檬酸濃度1.0M溶液酸解後的澱粉與聚乙烯醇所製作的摻合物(Starch(m-CA1.0M)/PVA)，其應變值可以達236％左右。且澱粉經過電漿處理三十瓦七分鐘後與聚乙烯醇所製作的摻合物(Starch(m-plasma-30w-7min)/PVA)，其應力值更可以達10MPa左右。由SEM圖得知，當以高濃度(0.5M、1.0M、1.5M)的酸溶液酸解澱粉時，可改善原本PVA/starch摻合物的相分離現象。分解測試方法是以土壤掩埋法。測試試片壓製成2×2×0.12 cm3 大小掩埋於堆肥土。在土壤掩埋六週後，酸解改質系列的摻合物之重量損失率皆大於70 wt%，而電漿處理系列的摻合物經過土壤掩埋重量損失率大約為 55 wt%。

關鍵字

生物可分解 ； 電漿處理 ； 酸解 ； 澱粉 ； 聚乙烯醇

並列摘要

In this study, Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and starch were used as main raw materials for products of biodegradable plastics. We used the single screw extruder to compound. Effects of plasma treatment and acid hydrolysis on the mechanical properties (maximum stress and strain), physical properties (Melt Flow Index, Water Contact angle) and the biodegrability by composting of composites were investigated. Besides, the correlation between the surface structure of sample and material properties was observed by the scanning electronic microscope (SEM).
In this investigation, the starch was degraded by various kinds of acid [such as acetic acid (AA), tartaric acid (TA) and citric acid (CA)] with various concentrations (0.25M, 0.5M, 1.0M and 1.5M). The melt flow index (MFI) of PVA/starch blend could be increased from 0.08g/10min to 4.54g/10min as the starch was degraded by 1.5M citric acid solution. The maximum strain of the compounded plastics that PVA blended with 1.0M CA acid hydrolysis starch was about 236%. The maximum stress of the sample that PVA blended with plasma (30W, 7min) treated starch was about 10MPa. From the SEM micrographs, it shows that the phase separation phenomenon between PVA and starch could be improved obviously by using high concentration (0.5M、1.0M、1.5M) acid solution to degrade the starch. The method of biodegradation measurement in this study was soil burial. The investigated samples were cut in (2×2×0.12 cm3) and then buried in the compost soil. After six weeks soil burial, the weight loss of acid hydrolytic samples were over 70 wt% ; the weight loss of plasma treatment samples were about 55 wt%.

並列關鍵字

poly(vinyl alcohol) ； biodegradable ； plasma treatment ； acid hydrolysis ； starch

參考文獻

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[168] Vasudeva Singh , S. Zakiuddin Ali, Mysore, Starch/Stärke 39 (1987) 402

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