目標取向、自我評價及歸因型態對運動員自我設限行為之影響

Effects of Goal-Orientation, Self-Evaluation, and Attribution on the Self-Handicapping of Athletes

王澤惠(Che-Hui Wang)

《臺灣運動心理學報》 3期 (2003/11) Pp. 1-20

https://doi.org/10.6497/BSEPT.20031101_(3).0001

摘要

過去運動員自我設限行為的研究指出，目標取向、自我評價以及歸因型等三方面是影響運動員自我設限行為的可能主要機制，然而，過去研究並未直接比較何者對自我設限行為的影響較為重要，也沒有將自我設限行為區分為「減低努力」與「尋求辯解」等兩種不同自我設限行為來加以探討。因此，本研究從目標取向、自我評價以及歸因型態等三方面，來了解運動員在「減低努力」與「尋求辯解」自我設限行為的影響機制。本研究之研究對象為241名北部某國立大學運動代表隊之男女運動員，共填答了運動目標取向量表、運動自我設限量表、自尊量表、運動自信心量表、歸因問卷、自覺能力量表等問卷，並進行相關分析與迴歸分析。研究結果驗證，影響「減低努力」與「尋求辯解」們我設阧行為的因素並不相同。在「減低努力」自我設阧方面，自我評價對「減低努力」的自我設限行為影響最大，目標取向與歸因型態的影響較小；但是在「尋求辯解」自我設限方面，目標取向、自我評價及歸因型態等三者都具有顯著且重要的影響力。本研究結果顯示，不同的自我設限策略確實具有不同的影響機制，在未來研究與回應策略上應獨立評估與設計。

關鍵字

自我設限 ； 目標取向 ； 自我評價 ； 歸因 ； 運動員

並列摘要

Previous researches of the self-handicapping of athletes indicated that the goal-orientation, self-evaluation, and attribution are three major mechanisms influencing the athletes’ self-handicapping behavior, while no comparison was provided to discuss the relative importance of these three mechanisms. In the present study the self-handicapping behavior was categorized into two kinds: effort-reduction (ER) and excuse-making (EM), and the effects of these three mechanisms on these two kinds of self-handicapping behaviors were studied. The participants were 241 students of various representative teams of a national university at northern Taiwan, whom filled out six questionnaires: Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaires, Self-Handicapping Scale, Self-Esteem Scale, Sport-Confidence Scale, Attribution Scale, and Perceived-Ability Scale, and regression analyses were conducted. Results from multiple regression analyses indicate that, for the ER-self-handicapping the self-esteem is the most significant factor while the goal-orientation and the attribution are relatively minor factors. For the EM-self-handicapping, however, the goal-orientation, the self-esteem and the attribution have equivalent influence. Present findings suggest that the self-handicapping behavior is influenced by different factors with various degrees, which merits further research in the future to attack more involved issues in details.

並列關鍵字

self-handicapping ； goal orientation ； self evaluation ； attribution ； athlete

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