明代前中期詩壇尊杜觀念的變遷及其文學取向

在明代前中期詩壇，杜甫詩歌成為多受推尊的重要目標，這除了受到詩學史上尊杜傳統的深刻影響，又與明初以來宗唐詩學風尚相聯繫。杜詩經典意義不同時段的詮釋特徵，指示著蘊涵於尊杜觀念中不同的文學取向。相較於明初詩壇相對多元的杜詩解讀路徑及其體現的審美趣尚，尤從永樂以來，伴隨功用主義的顯突與台閣文風的汎起，杜詩受到不少台閣文士的青睞，而他們偏向其中「時政」意識及「性情之正」內蘊的揭櫫，重在標舉與正統意識更相符合的實用典範。成化、弘治以還詩壇，尊杜觀念的明顯變化，乃諸家更多回歸到詩歌本體藝術的範疇，著重探討杜詩表現在技法層面的創作特點，這也成為此際藝術審美意識上揚的一個顯著表徵。

關鍵字

明代；前中期詩壇；尊杜觀念；變遷特徵；文學取向

並列摘要

In poetry of the Min g Dynasty prometaphase, Du Fu's poetry became an important goal with people's respect, which was not only deeply affected by traditional respect of Du Fu statue in poetics history, but also related with advocating Tang poetry influence since the early Ming Dynasty. Du Fu's poetry significance of the classic characteristics in different period s indicate s different literary trend in the views of respect Du Fu. Compared to multiple interpretations of Du's poetry and their aesthetic mentality in the early Ming Dyna sty poetry; especially since the Yong Le, Du's poetry had been many scholars' favor, but their opinions trended to ”politics” consciousness and reveal intrinsic content of ”traditional temperament”, and focused on the practical model promotion which met regular consciousness. From the Cheng Hua and the Hong Zhi, with the view change of respect Du, most of scholars returned to discuss in the area of poetry art range, emphasis on the feature of writing techniques, which became the outstanding characteristic s in art aesthetic conscious improvement.