In the Cold War, the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe (from 1995, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, OSCE), which was born in 1975, has acted as a forum for the European antagonistic-military Groups (the NATO and the Warsaw Pact) to negotiate and cooperate. After the Cold War, this forum began its institutionalization in order to meet the challenges resulted from the end of the Cold War and the collapse of European Communism. As one of the primary institutions that the OSCE has ever established, the Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR) was designated to assist the OSCE participating States to build democratic institutions and implement their human dimension commitment. In the case of violating the norm of human rights, the ODIHR could even provide early warning reports, which eventually lead to early actions that might prevent conflicts from escalating. In constructing the European security structure for the next century, with its long-term effects, the functions of the ODIHR can not be underestimated.